Teachers At U Link Cic Shanghai - 928 Words

Dear ESL teachers at U-Link CIC Shanghai, As a student who graduated from U-Link CIC Shanghai, I feel grateful for my four-year CIC careers, which brought me academic success – my English level was improved to a proficient level, which satisfied the requirements of American colleges. However, after studying in UC Davis for over a year accompanying with ESL writing courses taken every quarter, I found that ESL exams provided by CIC seem to have some imperfections: the writing section of the exams are not extensive enough to let students practice writing different styles of essays. In this letter I would like to analyze in details about how this form of exam would affect students, and some possible solutions I have come up with. As I remember, writing section occupies a significant amount of the total grades of the ESL exams in CIC. Other than writing, oral, listening and reading also contribute towards the total grades, but writing is the most significant part. Writing paper is an individual paper that asks students to write two essays out of six within two hours. The six prompts provided include two prompts for argumentative essays, two prompts for descriptive essays and another two about narrative essays. However there are no restrictions about whether students should pick up different types of essays, which means that students can definitely pick up two essays in the same category if they are good at a specific type of essay. This can be thought as a flaw: students canShow MoreRelatedMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pages A summary of the case analysis I N T R O D U C T I O N Preparing an effective case analysis: The full story Hearing with the aid of implanted technology: The case of Cochlearâ„ ¢ – an Australian C A S E O N E high-technology leader Delta Faucet: Global entrepreneurship in an emerging market C A S E T W O DaimlerChrysler: Corporate governance dynamics in a global company C A S E T H R E E Gunns and the greens: Governance issues in Tasmania C A S E F O U R Succeeding in the Sydney indie music industryRead MoreProject Managemant29326 Words   |  118 Pagescarrier. Northwest began on October 1, 1926, flying mail between Minneapolis/St. Paul and Chicago. Passenger service began the following year. On July 15, 1947, Northwest pioneered the â€Å"Great Circle† route to Asia, with service to Tokyo, Seoul, Shanghai, and Manila. Today, Northwest Airlines, with its global travel partners, serves more than 750 destinations in 120 countries on six continents. In 2001, it had more than 53,000 employees worldwide. The U.S. system spans 49 states and the District

A Reaction Paper On A Country Doctor English Literature Essay Free Essays

Franz Kafka ‘s A state physician is a narrative about a physician who is called upon in the center of the dark to go to to a earnestly sick immature adult male.Hampered by deficiency of conveyance agencies and utmost conditions conditions, the physician is at strivings to come up with solutions to his jobs. This essay paper will try to consistently analyze the challenges and defeats that the physician encounters as the narrative unfolds. We will write a custom essay sample on A Reaction Paper On A Country Doctor English Literature Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay will besides reply the inquiries as to why the narrative may be referred to as a incubus every bit good as explore the major subjects brought out in this artistic narrative that is so a reproduction of Franz Kafka ‘s coevals and the current modern society. Challenges and Frustrations The physician is in a quandary He is challenged by the fact that he has no agencies of conveyance to take him to the place of the gravely sick immature adult male, 10 stat mis off. The physician ‘s Equus caballus had died due to the icy winter. â€Å" My ain Equus caballus had died the old dark as a consequence of overexertion in this icy winter. † The physician is frustrated at this point because no one inA A the small town was willing to help him. â€Å" My servant miss was at that really minute running around the small town to see if she could borrow a Equus caballus but it was hopeless-I knew that. † Out of defeat the physician hazards aching himself by kicking the pigpen ‘s door. â€Å" I kicked my pes against the chapped door of the pigpen which had non been used for old ages. † The terrible conditions conditions pose a challenge to the physician excessively. He has to digest the chilly blizzard to travel and go to to a patient. The physician says, â€Å" A terrible blizzard filled the infinite between him and me. † The physician does non conceal his quandary when he says, â€Å" I stood there useless, progressively covered by snow, going all the clip immobile. † After handling the ill immature adult male the physician attempts to do his manner place but the one time strong and fat Equus caballuss are old and tired, they move at a slow rate at which the physician feels he will ne’er make place. See, â€Å" We dragged easy through the snowy desert like old work forces. † The physician is obviously frustrated when he says, â€Å" I ‘ll ne’er come place at this rate. He becomes sad when he thinks of his place which was occupied by the Groom. â€Å" In my house the disgusting groom is bringing mayhem, Rosa is his victim . † The 3rd challenge that the physician brushs is the Groom. The physician does non cognize how to cover with this alien. First, when the groom viciously bites Rosa on her cheeks, the physician merely threatens the groom with words and quiet down at one time because he wanted to borrow a Equus caballus from the groom. At that minute, the physician is about the groom ‘s slave. The groom finally offers his Equus caballuss to the physician but decides to remain with Rosa alternatively of going with the doctor.A The physician is hence at hamlets. He does non cognize whether he should remain and protect Rosa from the barbarous groom or travel in front and go to to the earnestly sick Youngman. The physician chose the later. However, as the narrative unfolds the defeats of the physician refering this determination go evident. See, â€Å" I had to give Rosa every bit good, this beautiful miss, who lives in my house all twelvemonth long and whom I barely notice-this forfeit is excessively great. † The physician is challenged by poorness and excessively much work. He has dedicated his life to functioning the territory but is ill paid. See, â€Å" I am employed by the territory and my responsibility make my responsibility to the full, right to the point where it is about excessively much. Badly paid, but I am generous and ready to assist the hapless. † The physician has merely one Equus caballus, when the Equus caballus dies the physician lacks agencies of conveyance to enable him execute his responsibilities expeditiously. The physician is obviously overworked. He is called at midnight to go to to patients. It seems he seldom sleeps since his dark bell was ever rung by villagers. When executing his responsibilities the physician is under force per unit area from the villagers. They want him to immediately bring around their patients. The physician is frustrated by this when he says. â€Å" I am non a universe humanitarian. † Subjects The first subject that has been good brought out is the subject of agony. At the beginning of the narrative, the physician suffers psychologically because he has no agencies of conveyance to enable him make the place of a earnestly sick adult male. â€Å" I was in great trouble. An pressing journey was confronting me.A earnestly sick adult male was waiting for me in a small town 10 stat mis distant. † The physician ‘s Equus caballus had died and he was worried because no villager would impart him a Equus caballus. â€Å" Of class, who is now traveling to impart his Equus caballus for such a journey? † The utmost icy winter made the physician to endure. First his Equus caballus dies in the winter go forthing him without agencies of conveyance and secondly the physician has to digest the chilly conditions to go to toA A the patient. â€Å" I stood there useless, progressively covered by snow, going all the clip more immobile. Rosa suffers when the groom bites her on the cheeks. â€Å" On the miss ‘s cheeks are ruddy Markss from two rows of dentition. † Rosa further suffers when the physician leaves her to remain with the evil groom against her will. â€Å" No, screams Rosa and runs into the house with an accurate foreboding of the inevitableness of her destiny. † The ill immature adult male suffers excessively. The immature adult male suffers from a deathly lesion that is infested with worms. See, â€Å" On his right side, in the part of the hip, a lesion the size of the thenar of 1s manus had opened up. † The immature adult male holding lost hope of life Tells the physician, â€Å" Doctor allow me decease. † The 2nd subject found in this narrative is blasted. The physician blames his failure to go to T o a earnestly sick patient on his deficiency of a Equus caballus. See, â€Å" But the Equus caballus was missing- the Equus caballus. † The physician further blames the villagers for unnecessarily citing him to go to patients who harmonizing to the physician were merely shaming unwellness. He blames the villagers further for non helping him in clip of demand. See, â€Å" My servant miss was at that really minute running around the small town to see if she could borrow a Equus caballus but it was hopeless. † The state physician as a narrative constantly topographic points blame for his failure on others, on the deficiency of Equus caballuss, on the groom, on the villagers, on the immature adult male. His narrative attitude is one of ; if I have failed it is non my mistake, but instead the mistake of others ( Grey 2009 ) Exploitation is another subject found in this narrative. Exploitation is unjust intervention of person or usage of a state of affairs in a manner that is incorrect in order to acquire some benefit ( Wikipedia, 2009 ) the groom appears at a clip when the physician is need of conveyance agencies and takes advantage of the state of affairs to take Rosa against her will. â€Å" I see how in add-on she chases down the room seting all the visible radiations in order to do herselfA impossible to happen. † The subject of treachery is besides apparent in this shortA A narrative. The physician betrays his house aid when he leaves he in the custodies of the barbarous groom. â€Å" I had to give Rosa every bit good, this beautiful miss who lives in my house all twelvemonth long and whom I barely notice-this forfeit is excessively great. † He witnesses the unmarried man force himself upon the house maid but instead than remain to entree and demilitarize the alien, the physician allows the steeds to transport him off as the shriek of his maidservant reverberation through the winter dark. ( Hemphill 2009 ) This short narrative may be called a incubus. The physician concludes that the ill immature adult male is shaming unwellness after a brief scrutiny. The physician merely observed the pulse of the patient. In his concluding the patient was merely seeking attending that he was non ill. The physician in this narrative does non run the manner physicians in existent universe operate. Alex Hemphill observed that Franz Kafka ‘s – A state physician is written in a watercourse of consciousness and includes all the devising of a incubus ( 2009 ) When the physician kicked the door of the pigpen at that place emerged the groom and the two Equus caballuss cryptically. This is absolute phantasy and can non go on in a existent world.. â€Å" Two Equus caballuss, powerful animate beings with strong wings shoved their manner one behind the other. † A state physician can be read as fulfillment phantasy motivated by self excuse ( Grey 2009 ) Decision The physician in Franz Kafka ‘s -A state physician is a contemplation of some people in the society who sacrifice their lives to function everyone but their attempts are barely noticed by anyone. They are the unobserved heroes of national development who would instead decease than fail responsibility. Though frustrated by environment and a society that does non appreciate them, such people do non fear to meet the challenges that lie in front of them. Possibly the physician sums everything in his narrative by asseverating that, â€Å" To compose prescriptions is easy but to come to an understanding with people is difficult. † How to cite A Reaction Paper On A Country Doctor English Literature Essay, Essay examples

Principals of Financial Markets Research Analysis

Question: Describe about the Principals of Financial Markets for Research Analysis. Answer: Introduction: In the following topic of research analysis the research has conducted an extensive research of the airline industries in the global market along with the economical market of Australia. In this regard, the top down analysis of the airline industry has been done with the view of understanding the shortcomings of the industries and strategize the operations of the firm in accordance with the drawbacks. In this regard, the researcher has also provided substantial reasons that are justifying the changes that have occurred in the economical market of the airline industry on a global platform. The prime focus of the researcher was to identify the changes and the causes for the same and suggest the remedial measures that may help these industries in its objective of profit maximization. Furthermore, the researcher has also undergone the bottom up analysis of the two major airline companies operating in Australia that are Qantas Airways and Virgin Blue. The analysis has been done with the p urpose of identifying the causes and highlighting the reasons that have caused the changes in the working structure of the respective companies. In order to justify the said changes, the researcher has conducted a thorough analysis of the finances of the company. Overview of Qantas and Virgin: Qantas was established in the Winton of Queensland on 16th November 1920 in the form of Queensland and Northern territory Aerial Services Limited. At present, Qantas is the largest airline company in Australia and oldest as well. The main international hubs of Qantas are Melbourne and Sydney airport. Qantas is focused on offering a cost effective flying experience to its customers. On the other hand, Virgin is a British conglomerate operating across various product portfolio. It has a group of companies in diversified field namely transport, food drink, health, telecommunications and media. However, airlines is one of the biggest business line of Virgin. The company is missioned to provide quality products and services to the customers to improve standard of living. Top down Analysis: As stated by Bilotkach and Lakew (2014), the recent changes in the economic world have led to a wide variety of changes than on the other hand have caused the Airline Industry to face a rise in the cost of operations and degradation of it as well. An extensive analysis of the airline industry displayed that the global airline industrial market is facing a lot of chaos simultaneously. The general or common economic environment of the industry comprises of the micro perspective of the same. According to Blankespoor et al. (2013), in this regard pastel analysis of the airline industry may be assumed to the one of the most essential tools that would help the firms to evaluate about the existing working environment that may be available for initiating a proper functioning of the business entity. In this regard, the analysis of the working environment available for the firms operating in the airline industry can be explained as below: Economic Environment of Industry: At present, GDP Value in Australia is 1339.54 whereas the annual growth rate of the GDP is 3.30. GDP at constant prices is currently at 421725.00 in Australia whereas the value of Gross National Product (GNP) is 395902.00. Also, the existing interest rate in Australia as indicated by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) stands at 1.50%. As regard to the currency value of Australia, 1 AUD is equal to 0.75 USD or 0.67 Euro. In the opinion of Afonso and Sousa (2012), a subsequent amount of political interference in the workings of the airline companies has had a considerable negative impact on the economic environment of the aviation industry. In the view of the strict political measures, the satisfaction of the passengers is the first priority and not the well-being of the airline firms. As observed by Chen and Chen (2012),the overall rise of competition in the industry have made the consumers to take the lead in deciding and controlling the ticket prices along with the prices of the other amenities and this in turn degrades the price structure. In the words of Gregory and Smith (2016), the strong political measures implemented for this industry also contribute towards the lower price level. In this context it may also be noted that airline companies operating in Australia have good trading policies to abide by. The breaking down of the trade barriers by adopting the trading policies of regional, multilateral and the bilateral nature consists of one of the major concerns of the trading policy of country like Australia. Here, it may be noted that among the major business entities involved in the airline business in Australia, Qantas Airways and Virgin Blue are the primary ones. As opinioned by Merkert and Cowie (2012), the prime agenda of these two airline companies is to attain maximum customers that are frequent users of the companys services from all corners of the world. The factors that are listed below in the scheme of Corporate Social Responsibility is necessary for the stated companies to follow. In addition to this Wang et al (2016), stated that the international issues concerning the industry are also required to be taken into consideration by the airline companies in order to avoid the possibility of cultural damage and breakage of the international laws. In the view of Zou et al. (2014), the working atmosphere for the Australian airline companies is suitable in the present scenario as there is no involvement of the given country in threatening situations such as war and other things. Due to the adequacy in the working situations and economic environment of Australia, the airline companies get the opportunity to provide its services to the passengers of business class more often along around the globe. According to Herndon et al. (2014), it also helps the companies to serve the travelers of the leisure trips that in turn may be favorable for the companies as it will help in generating more amount of revenue. As the economic environment of Australia facilitates a stable business undertaking of the airline companies, therefore the level of political interference in the workings of these companies is also minimum. The recent economic times having been facing the chances of recession all around the global market especially in the developed countries. This in turn poses an adverse impact on the workings of the airline industry in Australia. The static development of the airline industry is caused by a number of global economic reasons. In the words of Borenstein and Rose (2014), the contact fluctuation in the prices of fuel oil, low rate of the growth of the economy has been the basic reasons for the immobility of this industry. Similarly, as observed by Corsetti et al. (2013), the airline industries are also fighting against a number of economic drawbacks including rise in oil prices, increment in labor demand, high maintenance cost, increased operational cost, reduced consumer quantity and the fierce competition from the similar firms and many more. Along with the recent incidences of airplane highjack and disappearances contribute largely to the leading issues to be tackled by the airline com panies on a global platform. In the words of Fenna (2013), the developed countries like Australia have negligible chances of unemployment due to which the situation of scarcity regarding the skilled and trained workers arrive. As a result of this the airline companies have to bear the rise in the demand of the existing working employees which is not favorable for the companies. Therefore, in the opinion of Zhang et al. (2014), the airline companies require finding out better alternative ways to deal with the above stated problem that may help the companies to attain the maximum number of skilled and trained employees. In this context, it may also be said that owing to the export generation of the Australian economy, the airline companies get the chances to serve the frequent travelers concerning the freight industry and thus make more income. In the words of Altman et al. (2013), on account of the betterment in the service quality of the companies to the consumers along with improves quantity has resulted due to the changes that have occurred in the social environment of the country like Australia. as opinioned by Bonner et al. (2013), in order to attain the maximum opportunity of profit generation, the firms require serving the rise of demands. For the purpose of satisfying the rising demands, the firms require to steady the cost of operations of the company. According to Brueckner and Picard (2013), Owing to the high rate of literacy in the country, the consumers of Australia are well acquainted with the businesses due to which the airline companies are compelled to adopt the consumer friendly business approach. In addition to this, the requirement of business conferences involving physical presence have gradually declined due to the technological advancements that do not require the physical presence of the business de legates. In the words of Lawton et al. (2013), The airline companies operating in Australia need to develop the technological procurements to gather maximum amount of customers owing to the fierce competition generated by the rival firms that may in turn increase the chances of decline in the number of consumers of the airline companies. Besides, the implementation of the technological advancements may also assist the airline industries in narrowing down the prices of the fuel oil and the operational cost of the companies operating in the airline industry. The efficiency of the employees of the companies might also improve due to these said changes. The International Air Transport Association states in its published report that the demand of the industry increased by a percentage of 6.5 than the previous year. According to Misopoulos, et al. (2014), one of the prime reasons for this massive increase in the demand of the airline companies has been determined to be a reduced price of the services offered by the companies. In addition to the increase in demand the revenue generation capacity of the companies have also increased by a percentage of 5.6. Therefore, it can be concluded that the results derived by the airline companies in the year 2015 have been the strongest among the given years. Bottom up Analysis: In the words of Zhang et al. (2013), the better understanding of the micro perspectives constitutes to be the major purpose of undergoing the swot analysis of any particular business organization. Establishing a link in between the objectives and the strategic planning of a business entity comprises of being the basic aim of swot analysis. According to Pearson et al. (2015), in order to attain a consecutive competitive advantage on the rival firms operating in the same industry the analysis helps access the unique features of the nature of the business that helps it become different from its counterparts. The analysis also benefits the companies by accessing and determining the weaknesses and shortcomings of the firms and helping in improvement of the same. For the purpose of determining the above criterions, the profitability ratios along with the financial ratios have been discussed thoroughly by the researcher. In this context, the annual reports of the two major airline companies operating in Australia have been used. These companies are namely Virgin Blue Ltd and Qantas Airways comparison: Financial Ratios and Growth Profitability of Qantas Airways Ltd Key Ratios - Profitability Years 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Margins % of Sales Gross Margin 73.77 56.83 55.77 55.24 55.62 51.72 54.6 49.83 54.01 Operating Margin 6.9 5.83 1.39 -1.55 -0.63 -6.6 1.28 -26.19 4.92 Profitability Asset Turnover (Average) 0.78 0.8 0.73 0.67 0.7 0.71 0.77 0.81 0.89 Return on Assets % 3.71 4.93 0.59 0.56 1.23 -1.17 0.02 -15.16 3.2 Liquidity/Financial Health Current Ratio 0.87 0.74 0.89 0.93 0.9 0.77 0.82 0.66 0.68 Quick Ratio 0.82 0.67 0.78 0.81 0.78 0.65 0.7 0.58 0.6 Financial Leverage 3.17 3.44 3.5 3.35 3.39 3.6 3.4 6.05 5.09 Debt/Equity 0.68 0.62 0.86 0.86 0.89 0.92 0.88 1.84 1.39 Efficiency Receivables Turnover 11.64 11.2 11.69 12.43 13.59 13.95 12.49 11.52 14.41 Inventory Turnover 15.45 34.34 27.64 20.94 18.45 19.25 19.51 22.33 22.36 Fixed Assets Turnover 1.23 1.28 1.19 1.08 1.1 1.07 1.14 1.25 1.46 Asset Turnover 0.78 0.8 0.73 0.67 0.7 0.71 0.77 0.81 0.89 In accordance to the listed contents of the above profitability table of Qantas Airways Ltd, it can be witnessed that the companys gross margin has increased in the recent years. However, it must also be noted that the proceeding years have been witnessing a decline in the same. In order to evaluate a business entitys gross margin, the value of the revenue generated from sales is deducted from the cost of goods sold by the company. On the other hand, on subtracting the total generated revenue after the deduction of the operating expenses from the revenue generated constitutes of the firms operating margin. From the above stated table it is evident that the following company has been making improvements in the recent years in comparison to the previous years. In this context, Armstrong et al. (2016) concluded that there exists a close link in between the rate of growth of the economy and the improvement rate of the operating margin of the firms. In order to analyze the status of the current ratio of the company the evaluation of the firms capacity of paying off its liabilities with the assets of the company is required. According to Bown and Crowley (2014), the cash balance of the business entity consists of one of the major assets through which the company may channelize the payment of its liabilities. The other similar assets for the payment of the companys liabilities consist of the account receivables, the market securities along with the account receivables of the same. The above table also demonstrates an improvement in the current ratio of Qantas Airways Ltd in the succeeding years. In the words of Biddle (2015), the improvement of the current ratio demonstrates the improved efficiency of the company in paying the liabilities of the same. On the other hand, the receivables turnover ratio of a company helps in determining the credit generating capacity of the firm and the capacity of debt collection based on that particular credit. This further illustrates that Qantas Airways Ltd collects the cash on the basis of credit with the view of funding the business operations. The assets turnover ratio is beneficial for the company as it helps the company to acknowledge the capacity of sales generation on the basis of the assets of the company. in order to initiate this the firm requires to compare the average total sales of the company and the net sales of the same. The stagnant growth of Qantas Airways Ltd describes the slow growth rate of the asset tur nover ratio as the company is not efficient enough so as to increase the quantity of sales. Financial Ratio and Growth Profitability of Virgin Blue Ltd Key Ratios - Profitability Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Margins % of Sales Gross Margin _ _ 71.2 _ 72.28 73.33 71.77 71.91 74.68 Operating Margin 14.76 6.09 -7.58 2.87 -1.5 1.56 -3.43 -8.86 -2.41 Profitability Asset Turnover (Average) 0.94 0.82 0.78 0.82 0.85 1 0.95 0.95 0.9 Return on Assets % 9.36 3.46 -4.77 0.59 -1.76 0.58 -2.33 -7.81 -2.12 Liquidity/Financial Health Current Ratio 1.1 0.88 0.53 0.76 0.65 0.65 0.54 0.64 0.69 Quick Ratio Financial Leverage 3.1 3.61 5.83 4.15 4.15 4.3 4.26 4.46 5.37 Debt/Equity 1.02 1.28 2.68 1.65 1.52 1.53 1.46 1.52 2.16 Efficiency Receivables Turnover 39.09 34.45 28.91 26.41 22.52 24.24 23.14 20.83 20.51 Inventory Turnover _ _ _ _ 177.65 104.38 50.38 36.68 30.87 Fixed Assets Turnover 1.52 1.23 1.04 1.1 1.19 1.42 1.38 1.51 1.63 Asset Turnover 0.94 0.82 0.78 0.82 0.85 1 0.95 0.95 0.9 The above profitability table of Virgin Blue it is visible that there has been a massive increase in the gross margin of Virgin Blue due to the deduction of the revenue from the cost of goods sold by the company. The results derived after deducting the cost of goods sold by the company from the revenue of the same is ascertained to be the operating margin of Virgin Blue. The company tries to write off the liabilities with the assets of the same. This formulates to become the current ratio of the company. In this context it may be said that the efficiency of the current ratio of Virgin Blue has subsequently improved over the years. It can be noticed from the above table that the company was dealing with a lower current ratio that has shown an increment in 2015. The current ratio of Virgin Blue is displaying the capacity of the firm to pay off the current liabilities of the company in accordance with the assets of the same. The fluctuation in the value of receivables turnover of Virgin Blue among the stated years throws light upon the fact that the company has been dealing with subsequent difficulties regarding generation of money on credit and lending the same for conducting smooth business processes. In addition to this, the sales that the company is capable of generating through the assets are reflected by the companys assets turnover ratio. The above table displays in short the effect on the sales of the company through the above given years due to subsequent changes bin the asset turnover ratio of the company. The debt equity along with the financial leverage of the Virgin Blue is also mentioned in the above profitability table of the company. in the words of Brueckner et al. (2015), the debt equity ratio is a measure of the financial leverage taken up by the company whereas the financial leverage of the same consists of the debt that the company has taken for the purpose of purchasing assets. The shareholders fund as well as the amount of debt of the company is not necessary to be equal. The increment in the amount of debt equity does not necessarily turn out to be favorable for the company. The high rate of debt equity may also compel the investors of the company to refrain from making further investments owing to the high involvement of risk. In other words, this implies that in the long run the companies having a high debt equity ratio may not be able to channelize the required amount of borrowings from the investors. Conclusion The basic reason for conducting the following research analysis is understand the working process of the companies of the airline industry in the global and domestic market economy. In order to understand the changes occurring on the global flatworm the researcher has facilitated the top down analysis of the said industry. The changes that have occurred in the airlines industry have caused a decline in the profit generation of the companies along with increase in the cost of operations, rising demand of the employees, etc that have adversely affected the revenue earning capacity of the company and have also resulted in the decrease in demand of the company and affected its productivity. As a very limited quantity of research has been conducted based on this particular industry therefore the researcher has opted for the following industry with the view of expanding the scale of the research analysis. In this way, the companies operating in this industry may also derive the maximum amo unt of benefit by a better understanding of the working operation of the same. In this regard, the research has also provided a detailed analysis of the two airline companies along with the justification of the concerned changes to support the outcomes of the research analysis. Recommendations: Qantas: It is advisable for Qantas to identify new customer segments and new markets to expand its current business. The company can also focus on developing new marketing mix strategy that could help it to increases sales revenue through diversified range of services. These strategies could help the company in increasing its sales revenues so that the profitability and cash flows can get enhanced. Virgin: Increasing operating costs has been the main area of concern for Virgin. The company is recommended to use cost optimization strategy to reduce its existing operating strategy and increase profit margin. This can be done by identifying non-value adding activities and eliminating the same. In addition, use of variance analysis could help Virgin in keeping a close control over its costs. Reference List: Afonso, A. and Sousa, R.M., 2012. The macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy.Applied Economics,44(34), pp.4439-4454. Altman, E.I., Giannozzi, A., Roggi, O. and Sabato, G., 2013. Building Sme rating: is it necessary for lenders to monitor financial statements of the borrowers?.BANCARIA,10, pp.54-71. Armstrong, C., Guay, W.R., Mehran, H. and Weber, J., 2016. The role of financial reporting and transparency in corporate governance.Economic Policy Review, 8, pp.107-128. Biddle, G.C., 2015. The Role of Financial Statements in Reporting Financial Performance. InAccounting Finance/IASB Research Forum. Bilotkach, V. and Lakew, P.A., 2014. On sources of market power in the airline industry: Panel data evidence from the US airports.Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,59, pp.288-305. Blankespoor, E., Linsmeier, T.J., Petroni, K.R. and Shakespeare, C., 2013. Fair value accounting for financial instruments: Does it improve the association between bank leverage and credit risk?.The Accounting Review, 88(4), pp.1143-1177. Bonner, S., Clor-Proell, S., Koonce, L. and Wang, T., 2013.Mental accounting and disaggregation on the income statement. Working Paper, University of Southern California, Texas Christian University, The University of Texas, Queen's University. Borenstein, S. and Rose, N.L., 2014. How airline markets work or do they? Regulatory reform in the airline industry. InEconomic Regulation and Its Reform: What Have We Learned? University of Chicago Press. Bown, C.P. and Crowley, M.A., 2014. Emerging economies, trade policy, and macroeconomic shocks.Journal of Development Economics,111, pp.261-273. Brueckner, J.K. and Picard, P.M., 2013. Airline alliances, carve-outs and collusion.Review of Network Economics,12(2), pp.211-227. Brueckner, J.K., Lee, D.N., Picard, P.M. and Singer, E., 2015. Product unbundling in the travel industry: The economics of airline bag fees.Journal of Economics Management Strategy,24(3), pp.457-484. Chen, C.F. and Chen, S.C., 2012. Scale development of safety management system evaluation for the airline industry.Accident Analysis Prevention,47, pp.177-181. Corsetti, G., Kuester, K., Meier, A. and Mller, G.J., 2013. Sovereign risk, fiscal policy, and macroeconomic stability.The Economic Journal,123(566), pp.F99-F132. Fenna, A., 2013. The economic policy agenda in Australia, 19622012.Australian Journal of Public Administration,72(2), pp.89-102. Gregory, R.G. and Smith, R.E., 2016. 15 Unemployment, Inflation and Job Creation Policies in Australia.Inflation and Unemployment: Theory, Experience and Policy Making, p.325. Herndon, T., Ash, M. and Pollin, R., 2014. Does high public debt consistently stifle economic growth? A critique of Reinhart and Rogoff.Cambridge journal of economics,38(2), pp.257-279. Lawton, T., Rajwani, T. and Doh, J., 2013. 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Learning Outcomes

Teaching is one of the most interesting professions because it enables teachers to be able to evaluate their performance in class. This essentially leads to the analysis of the teaching objectives which have been set. Learning outcomes are statements of desired outcomes of learning expressed in terms that make it clear how measurements can be achieved.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Learning Outcomes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As such, they act as a logical basis for measuring and reporting on the students’ achievements (Melton, 1997). In particular, they focus attention on what is to be learnt. Bearing in mind that learning outcomes are a form of the referenced objectives, it follows that they may derive from, and be identified by the type of strategies for objectives and competences that have already been described.It is therefore important for the teacher to be as specific as possible when they a re assigning the learning objectives in order to be able to achieve the desired outcomes at the end of the lesson (Melton, 1997). Learning outcomes should have certain characteristics for one to be effective (Kubiszyn Borich, 2010). Thus, first of all, this implies that they have to be specific. In this case, the learning outcomes should be described in specific terms and they should guide the teacher in dissemination of knowledge. Secondly, they should be realistic. In this case, the teacher should ensure that they are within what can be achieved. Thirdly, they should be measurable, as such, the outcomes should be described in terms which are quantifiable. They should also be time bounded, that is, they should be within a given set of time. Having this information in mind, it is important to ensure that the learning and instructional objectives which are set are attainable. Based on the information provided, the teacher intends to prepare learning instructions for an arithmetic cl ass. In this case, the learning outcomes should ensure that the learner is able to carry out basic arithmetic operations. This should go hand in hand with ensuring that the learner is attuned to understanding the basic principles which govern the utilization of these operative signs during a class room operation. In essence, by the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to work out basic arithmetic operations.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These operations should be addition and subtraction. The learner in this case should be able to apply the basic principles which are in line with the processes which are involved in carrying out these operations. In addition, the learner should be able to use practical approaches in carrying out these operations. During this lesson, learning materials which are going to be used include visual charts, flash cards, marbles and crayons to be u sed by the learner. It is also important to note that the lesson will take fifty minutes within which the teacher should introduce the lesson, build on the topic and then conclude the lesson. Lastly, the teacher should give the learners home assignments to make sure that they have acquired the knowledge that they have learned in class. While the main goal of the classroom’s learning objectives is to obtain, valid, reliable and useful information about student achievement, the assessment procedures also assist in checking on the effectiveness of the learning outcomes (Kubiszyn Borich, 2010). A well designed assessment plan will help you identify your own strengths and weaknesses and will guide your teaching approach. The result of a classroom test based on the objectives can also provide answers to the following questions; what is the level of the students’ achievement? Are the course objectives realistic? Are the instruction methods appropriate? And how well are the l earning experiences sequenced? Thus, the teacher will be able to follow through the important aspects of the learning process which is to attain the set objectives. References Kubiszyn, T., Borich, G. (2010). Educational testing measurement: Classroom application and practice (9th ed.). New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Melton, R. F. (1997). Objectives, competences and learning outcomes: developing instructional materials in open and distance learning. New York: Routledge.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Learning Outcomes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Learning Outcomes was written and submitted by user Kas0n to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Colombia at a Crossroads essays

Colombia at a Crossroads essays Colombia is presently at a crossroads, Nazzi suggests, noting that since 1995 the dynamics of their civil war intensified with a tendency to escalate, partly due to the rise of paramilitarism. Sweig takes us further, to 2003, after President Uribes sweeping election victory during the fall of the peace process and the advent of a policy of "democratic security for the region. Through hard-line policy, Uribe has focused on three challengers- all on the US State Department's list of terrorist organizations: the insurgent Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), the paramilitant United Self-Defense Groups of Colombia (AUC) and the leftist National Liberation Army (ELN). Sweig attributes Colombias friction to a mixture of terrorism, drugs, resistance and counterinsurgency. The FARC, the AUC, and the ELN battle the state, each other and society. The FARC and the AUC use the coca and poppy trade, kidnapping, extortion, and assassination; the ELN uses kidnapping and targets Colombias oil. Hence, Colombia is the murder capital of the planet with the third largest amount of people having been pushed out of their homes worldwide. Importing weapons globally, it exports eighty percent of European and US consumed cocaine and most heroin on the East Coast. Nazzi pinpoints those that oppose the peace process- landowners, the military, the middle class and the paramilitary, who transformed the battle with the rebels into a more complex, three-way interaction, President Reagan's shoddy "contra" war in Nicaragua and brutality in El Salvador were thought to have brought counter-insurgency to a hault. With the flick of a switch, Bush restarted it. Most agree that drug eradication in Colombia failed. The billion-dollar aid given to Plan Colombia in 2000 was offset by an increase in coca production; efforts to supply coca farmers with alternate means of sustenance failed. Washington&a...

Analysis

Analysis tunny style of writing. It helps to relax and raises mood. Sophie Kinsellas books are an excellent sample of chick 11t Actually, chick 11t genre Is a kind of Informal substyle of belles-letters style. The main feature of the style in which Sophie works is subject oriented toa women. In her work. she covers a wide range of pressing issues such as Issues of modern womanhood, relationship Issues, often humorously and lightheartedly. Our text under consideration taken from Sophie Kinsellas book Twenties Girl is nota typical chick lit novel, in the narration is added some element of fantasy, which Is not typical for this genre. However, this element Is necessary for the concept of the plot. Twenties Girl follows the story of Lara, niece toa millionaire guy called Bill Lington who runs a successful coffee chain all over the world. Lara is an rdinary twenty-something business-lady who works at a head-hunting company she set up with her best friend Natalie, right until she decides to disappear, leaving her In the lurch, not having the slightest clue what to do or how to run the company all alone. To make things even worse, her mother has anxiety problems, she just broke up with her boyfriend Josh and to top It all, she has to attend her great-aunts funeral as well. At the funeral of Sadie Lancaster (Laras great-aunt) where the whole family gathered were no flowers or even a photo of the deceased. And at this moment Sadie appears as a ghost but as it turns out, only Lara can see and hear her, no one else. Action of the extract under discussion takes place nowadays In London at the funeral of Sadie Lancaster, where people are not interested in her life while she was alive. came to see her out in the last journey. Her relatives, who look like a celebrity magazine come to life did not express any regret about her death. No flowers, no lovely smell, no singing this proposal, the author shows us the oppressive silence. Guilty silence among the people, who did not even knchN what she liked to do. Shes wearing a cardigan In the picture. Maybe she knitted It. Maybe she liked knitting. Each of them was just waiting for the end of it all. Laras cousin texting on her mobile and keeps looking at her watch, Uncle Bill sprawled on the chair and aunt Trudy, who gives a sudden click ot the tongue ,remem ¶ered about the photo only after a vicars question. I believe, that this passage conve ys the root Idea: emotional state of the main character. Lara, who came at the funeral of a stranger, who, nevertheless, was one of her relative. The second main point of this extract is the idea of disunity In the Lancasters family: they were not only Indifferent to the destiny of their relative, moreover they did not regret about her death. This text, from the logical point of view. can be roughly divided into two parts. The first part begins with Laras interior monologue describing her feelings caused by the need to come to the funeral and the narration shows us relatives came to the funeral and describes their manner of ehavior, thereby implying the atmosphere of indifference that prevailed at the tuneral. The second part describes the key, in my opinion, moment in the plot ot the moment when Lara heard a voice that belonged to her great-aunt, Sadie Lancaster. All characters described by the author look bright and vividly, as if you take part in occurring events. Characters of secondary characters such as Uncle Bill, his wife Trudy and their daughter Diamant are transmitted through their actions. Obviously, the main Character is Lara. The author leads narration from her face, and thereby allows us to penetrate into her inner world. Tautology Ð’Â «my whole entire life, used in Laras words when she thought about feelings of depression because of the funeral, characterizes her as a very emotional girl, but at the same time, she seems very sane, when she tries to convince herself that the voice she heard Just a fgment of her imagination. The second main character of this text can be called aunt Sadies ghost. The author introduces her first description through the photo made in the last years of her life. The author uses hyperbole Her face is folded over a million lines and the metaphor her hair is a translucent puff of candy floss to show how old was this woman. It is impossible to characterize Sadies character proceeding only from this extract. I think in the further course of the narrative author will describe it more detail. The general atmosphere of the extract under analysis causes mixed feelings. Heavvy atmosphere of the funeral mixed with unexpected turn of plot in a quite mystical way and a little bit comical moment when Lara talking to a ghost of her reat-aunt denies her existence- all this creates a mixed feeling, which makes us interested in the further development of the events. Acquaintance with this extract became a discovery for me. Kinsellas writing is something that I absolutely adore you cant help clinging to every word she says, every word she puts down on paper its amazing. She writes with such ease and depth that she can attract her readers from the very first page. In my opinion, this text is wonderfully witty, laugh-out-loud funny and highly emotional at the same time.

Chiquita Brands Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Chiquita Brands Inc - Essay Example The company operates in three divisions or segments – Bananas, Salads and Healthy Snacks, and Other Produce. The Bananas segment originates, transports and distributes bananas to retailers, wholesalers and chain stores; it also cultivates and produces its own bananas through its plantations. The Salads and Healthy Snacks segment carries snacks under the Fresh Express labels, aside from distributing fresh vegetables and food ingredients. It distributes fresh vegetables to food retailers, foodservice distributors and restaurants. The Other Produce sources and distributes fresh fruits, other than bananas, in Europe and North America (Chiquita Brands website). Chiquita is the company that succeeded United Fruit Company, then the leader in banana production and transport operations throughout the Caribbean and Latin America, in 1984 and moved its headquarters to Ohio after it was bought by Cincinnati billionaire Carl Lindner Jr. who named himself the CEO. The company adopted the na me Chiquita Brands in 2002 after the company exited from a prepackaged Chapter 11 debt structuring plan and acquiring several fruit processing companies and distributors and expanded outside of banana sales to marketing and distributing other fresh and processed fruits and vegetables (Chiquita Brands website). Chiquita Brands has two main business units: Chiquita Fresh and Chiquita Global Logistics. Chiquita Fresh is responsible for the production, distribution and marketing of fresh fruits and vegetables around the globe, with Chiquita bananas as the signature product symbolizing its commitment for fresh and nutritious food. Chiquita Fresh’s website offers these data about the company: $1.5 Billion in revenues; 23,000 employees; 130 Million boxes of bananas sold annually representing 67% of total mother company’s revenues. Chiquita Fresh also operates 115 banana plantations in Latin America and one farm in Africa that produce half of all bananas sold, the other half c oming from independent producers in Latin America and the Philippines (Chiquita Brands website). Chiquita Global Logistics handles the supply flow of products and information in 19 countries via their network of cargo ships and other supplier facilities. Global Logistics has 11 modern ships and contracts 13 more to complement its Great White Fleet to undertake the delivery of bananas and other produce to Europe and North America. Aside from this, Global Logistics is also involved in commercial cargo operation in the US, Europe and Latin America. The website has the following information about Global Logistics: 430 employees;$160 Million in assets; 40,000 cargo containers moved annually; 2.9 Million nautical miles covered per year (SourceWatch website). In its 2010 annual report, Chiquita Brands cited the following data: 21,000 employees in nearly 70 countries; $3.2 Billion in net sales, generating $57 Million net income. The annual report boasted of a consistently positive operating net income from operation for the last three years from 2008 despite that the period covered the height of the recession. Issues Besetting Chiquita Brands In that annual report, the chief executive officer Fernando Aguirre reported on the progress relating to several issues from past operations that have affected Chiquita Brands in some ways. Violations of EC Competition Laws One of these issues pertained to some reported past violations of European competition laws by former employees of the company.

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 178

Essay Example Media practices engross a course of communication between people, and such communicative processes shape societal behavior. This is evident in the materialistic role that cinema, as a form of technology, plays in the society. Larkin cites Nigeria as a country in which cinema creates a fantasy space that comprise the entire sensory experience of urban living and modernity (Larkin, 2002). Technological determinism changes the traditional structures of sociability. Michael Warner asserts that the cultural structure of a medium is a set of political conditions of discourse, such as practices and structured labor referred to as technology (Warner, 1990). News making in the digital era is guide by clicks and spins, as explained by Dominic Boyer (2013). The author explains the communicative process in the digital process from a perspective that sees the process as an unconscious way of reading the mood of the society, who is the object. Similarly, Amanda Weidman confirms that the association of class structures and technological media shape notions of power and realism by dictating which information circulates across the public (Weidman, 2010). Mediating technology and mediated content, which are the subject and object respectively, determine people’s listening practices and psychological

Relationships In Different Cultures Essay Example for Free

Relationships In Different Cultures Essay Every culture has their own definition of family relationships. Most family  relationships stem from the concept of marriage. Different types of marriages are  accepted all around the world. Some marriages are based on civil aspects, others are  based solely on religious aspects, and most are based on both. There are two main  types of marriages throughout the world which are monogamy and polygamy. Each type  of marriage has been around for thousands of years and both the past and present  show that there are both advantages and disadvantages of each marital practice.   The most widespread form of marriage with the longest history is Monogamy.  Monogamy is the form of marriage where one man marries one woman. Ancient  Greeks, Ancient Romans, Jews, Christians, Indians, and tribes such as the Hopi and  Iroquois have regarded monogamy as the most ideal form of marriage. There are quite  a few advantages in monogamous marriages. There is typically better understandin   gand communication between the man and wife, more focus on the children leading to a  more stable family most of the time and it is better economically suited for most people.  Since there are only two spouses, monogamy has been shown to offer the highest form  of love and affection and sex relations are more regulated. Disadvantages of  monogamy arent often mentioned since its practiced by the majority of people in the  world but things can get complicated between the two spouses if abuse or adultery gets  involved. Even so, both the woman and man can divorce freely if they wish. The form of polygamy is the second prominent concept practiced throughout the world. Polygamy is when both the man and woman have freedom to have additional  mates. The historical Montagnais Tribe believed in pure polygamy. Before the French  took them over and converted them to European beliefs, both woman and men were  allowed to have multiple partners. They were a very mature culture where jealousy did  not exist and instead, they channeled their energy into loving every single person within the tribe and each child was considered everyones. Woman were actually seen as  above the men in a number of ways. Leacock describes how the woman create a very  complimentary relationship between spouses: The Montagnais woman is far from being a drudge. Instead she is a respected member of the tribe whose worth is well appreciated and whose advice and counsel is listened to and, more often than not, accepted and acted upon by her husband. (39) Leacock then goes on to explain how each gender has special labors that allow them  to create equilibrium within their culture and relationships.   Polygamy does have two forms as well. There is polygyny which is when one  husband has several wives and polyandry where one wife has several husbands. In   each situation, the single gender individual is seen as the superior one and the multi  plespouses are below them. Although not everyone believes in polygamous practices,  Joseph mentions many advantages and disadvantages that come along with sharing  her husband with 8 other woman. She states, It enables woman, who live in a society  full of obstacles, to fully meet their career, mothering and marriage obligations; it  provides a whole solution. On the other side she says, there is a longing of intimacy  and comfort that only he can provide (A31). This proves that in any practice of  polygamy there are advantages as in having more freedom, but sometimes all of the  emotional, mental, sensual, etc. needs may not be met. My ideal relationship is probably very similar to other girls of my age. All Ive ever  wanted is one faithful monogamous relationship in my lifetime. Everyone has a soul  mate and hopefully one day I will find mine and we can develop not only a relationship,  but also a friendship built on true love, trust and honesty. From that, we can raise  children in a loving, supportive, and healthy although somewhat discipline environment  while loving my spouse unconditionally and getting the same in return. An equalitarian  relationship would be ideal where both my husband and I pursue careers and have  equal say on housework and finances. Relationships have truly evolved over time. Christian beliefs have always  suppressed woman through marriage. We are shying away from ideas such as, woman  should learn in quietness and full submission. [God] does not permit a woman to teach  or to have authority over a man; she must be silent (Timothy 2.11). Thankfully now in  modern times, woman now have much more of a say in marriage and our society is  slowly accepting equalitarian type marriages. Monogamy and polygamy both offer  strengths and weaknesses within ones lifestyle, but one thing is for sure; no relationship is ever perfect.

The Debate Over Multicultural Education in America :: social issues

The Debate Over Multicultural Education in America America has long been called "The Melting Pot" due to the fact that it is made up of a varied mix of races, cultures, and ethnicities. As more and more immigrants come to America searching for a better life, the population naturally becomes more diverse. This has, in turn, spun a great debate over multiculturalism. Some of the issues under fire are who is benefiting from the education, and how to present the material in a way so as to offend the least amount of people. There are many variations on these themes as will be discussed later in this paper. In the 1930's several educators called for programs of cultural diversity that encouraged ethnic and minority students to study their respective heritages. This is not a simple feat due to the fact that there is much diversity within individual cultures. A look at a 1990 census shows that the American population has changed more noticeably in the last ten years than in any other time in the twentieth century, with one out of every four Americans identifying themselves as black, Hispanic, Asian, Pacific Islander, or American Indian (Gould 198). The number of foreign born residents also reached an all time high of twenty million, easily passing the 1980 record of fourteen million. Most people, from educators to philosophers, agree that an important first step in successfully joining multiple cultures is to develop an understanding of each others background. However, the similarities stop there. One problem is in defining the term "multiculturalism". When it is looked at simply as meani ng the existence of a culturally integrated society, many people have no problems. However, when you go beyond that and try to suggest a different way of arriving at that culturally integrated society, Everyone seems to have a different opinion on what will work. Since education is at the root of the problem, it might be appropriate to use an example in that context. Although the debate at Stanford University ran much deeper than I can hope to touch in this paper, the root of the problem was as follows: In 1980, Stanford University came up with a program - later known as the "Stanford-style multicultural curriculum" which aimed to familiarize students with traditions, philosophy, literature, and history of the West. The program consisted of 15 required books by writers such as Plato, Aristotle, Homer, Aquinas, Marx, and Freud. The Debate Over Multicultural Education in America :: social issues The Debate Over Multicultural Education in America America has long been called "The Melting Pot" due to the fact that it is made up of a varied mix of races, cultures, and ethnicities. As more and more immigrants come to America searching for a better life, the population naturally becomes more diverse. This has, in turn, spun a great debate over multiculturalism. Some of the issues under fire are who is benefiting from the education, and how to present the material in a way so as to offend the least amount of people. There are many variations on these themes as will be discussed later in this paper. In the 1930's several educators called for programs of cultural diversity that encouraged ethnic and minority students to study their respective heritages. This is not a simple feat due to the fact that there is much diversity within individual cultures. A look at a 1990 census shows that the American population has changed more noticeably in the last ten years than in any other time in the twentieth century, with one out of every four Americans identifying themselves as black, Hispanic, Asian, Pacific Islander, or American Indian (Gould 198). The number of foreign born residents also reached an all time high of twenty million, easily passing the 1980 record of fourteen million. Most people, from educators to philosophers, agree that an important first step in successfully joining multiple cultures is to develop an understanding of each others background. However, the similarities stop there. One problem is in defining the term "multiculturalism". When it is looked at simply as meani ng the existence of a culturally integrated society, many people have no problems. However, when you go beyond that and try to suggest a different way of arriving at that culturally integrated society, Everyone seems to have a different opinion on what will work. Since education is at the root of the problem, it might be appropriate to use an example in that context. Although the debate at Stanford University ran much deeper than I can hope to touch in this paper, the root of the problem was as follows: In 1980, Stanford University came up with a program - later known as the "Stanford-style multicultural curriculum" which aimed to familiarize students with traditions, philosophy, literature, and history of the West. The program consisted of 15 required books by writers such as Plato, Aristotle, Homer, Aquinas, Marx, and Freud.

Analyze an organization’s media communication activities Essay

The objective of this project is to analyze an organization’s media communication activities. The work must use concepts, models, and theories to support and critical the company’s website. It should be critically assess + evaluate and use strategy to analyze. The author should review it as a marketing professional specialist and knows how, when, and where the organization use digital media to communicate with its audience, customer, stakeholder, and public. Executive Summary: P&O Cruises uses a maturity website to distribute and communicate (Fill, 2002). It is a fabulous website that uses a lot of tools from personal communications (PCs) to support their offline marketing (Hartley, 1999). Once customers surf its website, they could get information they need easily. The website becomes a distributed channel for the business. It is in the highest level of scenario 4 (Doren, 2000). Information on website is variety and useful that helps offline media and lures more customers to join the P&O Cruises with rational exchange (Fill, 2002). P&O Cruises – Background P&O Cruises is one of the cruises belonging to Carnival Corporation & PLC. There are 13 distinct brands of cruises all over the world are operating by Carnival Corporation & PLC; P&O is one of them. P&O is not as same as its name belongs to the P&O group (Peninsula and Oriental steam Navigation Company); for it was demerged into Carnival public limited company on 23 October 2000, and has changed its name to Carnival Public limited company on 17 April 2003. P&O Cruises now is the largest premium cruise brand in the United Kingdom. See the list as below. Carnival Corporation Princess Cruises & Carnival plc P&O Cruises were belong to Ocean Village P&O Princess. Swan Hellenic Cruises plc AIDA P&O Cruises Australia Carnival Cruise Lines Holland America Line Windstar Cruises Seabourn Cruise Line Costa Cruises Cunard Line A’ROSA Main Report: Marketing mix†¦ Product P&O Cruises currently owns four types of ships – Aurora, Oriana, Oceana and Adonia. Each of them gives different atmosphere and personality to customers. They are service, facility and quality oriented. Mostly, customers who are attracted to join P&O Cruises are through travel agencies to get tickets no matter a set of schedule or connections with flights or another cruise. If customers who are interested in P&O Cruises, P&O Cruises also use different brochures to introduce its â€Å"products† to them. P&O Cruises builds a marvelous introduction of its products on the website. There is a column of their ships in directories of its website introducing each of ships’ details by clicking any icon of them (Chaffey, 2000). There are also other links connecting to these four ships that makes customers easily check to P&O Cruises’ ships (main products) whenever they want. The website builds a good cognitive environment to customers who are like ship, boat, cruise, and adventure. Most fantastically, customers could find what each deck looks like by 360i panoramic tour. After customers â€Å"learn† about these ships, they enable to feel more about these ships by â€Å"fun stuff† sector, which involved games, videos, and pictures (screensaver and wallpapers) to addict customers affective (Fill, 2002). Promotion P&O Cruises is not a company which uses all of the marketing communication tools to communicate with its target audience, but it uses its promotion tools well to achieve its customer needs and to explore its market opportunities (Chaffey, 2000). 5 main elements of the promotional or communications mix of P&O Cruises are analyzed as below (Fill, 2002): 1. Advertising (Off-line) P&O Cruises has TV advertising displaying during summer time or the beginning of the year. Customers who haven’t seen the advertisement on TV could also enjoy the advertisement on P&O Cruises’ website; to the â€Å"Fun Stuff-Videos† to view the version of its â€Å"Sh-boom† advertisement. It’s an advertisement with affective (Fill, 2002). Besides TV advertising, P&O Cruises posts its advertising on newspaper as well. (On-line). There are many agencies selling P&O Cruises’ tickets on line; they help P&O Cruises build a perfect advertisement system. If someone who is interested in cruises, they will easily find out the name of P&O Cruises on many websites building by travel agencies. Customers are able to easily book a cruise through any ABTA travel agent; there are about 16 agent’s linking to P&O Cruises and helping customers to book tickets in different areas. Although many websites all connecting to the name of P&O Cruises, it is difficult for people who want to buy the ticket right through P&O Cruises’ website. 2. Sales promotion (Off-line) (On-line) P&O Cruises’ is targeted. It divides into consumers and the sales forces of both P&O Cruises’ and its agents (Fill, 2002). The sales promotion P&O Cruises uses is by the timing when customer book for their tickets. The earlier they book for cruises, the more discount they will have. It uses the method of price reductions to motive its sales in the early stage (Fill, 2002). P&O Cruises also sets up the Portunus Club for customers who re-join to the P&O Cruises. There are Ruby, Sapphire, and Gold tiers for different types of customers. Customers could get points for their discounts when they had joined the cruises and also discounts to any other consumption on the ship. The method builds customer royalty; it is referred to as a ‘points accrual programme’ that helps the company keep customers loyalty for preventing them from moving to P&O Cruises’ competitor (Fill, 2002). The Portunus Club has not only increased the amount of customers, but also maintained those current customers well (Raaij, 1998). 3. personal selling (Off-line) P&O Cruises’ tickets are sold through personal selling or other travel agencies. Customers buying tickets can either from agencies or directly make a phone call to the P&O Cruises as the telemarketing. It is a good method for the company itself uses lots of personal selling on promotes their ticket, for it is a method always interactive to customer and company. And â€Å"Consumers may talk to and obtain answers from ‘real’ persons or from machine interaction† that helps P&O Cruises directly being aware of what customers wants and what they need (Raaij, 1998). (On-line) On the website, customers who are interested in any trip and willing to join the tour could book on line by leaving the messages to the reservation team. Besides, it’s very easy for customers to find the ticket selling on website from different agencies in different areas, and then buy the ticket based on customer needs. 4. public relations (Off-line) The means of PR of P&O Cruises is announcing news on newspapers. It mostly tells people about its schedules, timetables and its new ship or company information on travel pages or events column. P&O Cruises owns a press center to run for its news. (On-line) Customers could also find out their news through news websites, travel agents or the websites connect to sailings, such as, â€Å"what you need to about† or â€Å"scoop agents† (two website names). Moreover, there are numbers of news P&O Cruises showed to the public and listed on its own website. It is â€Å"press centre† in â€Å"the company† section. For people who are interested in to P&O Cruises and want to know more about its reputation, besides company introduction, they could attain more information on this section. 5. direct marketing (Off-line) (On-line) P&O Cruises uses direct marketing through ABTA agents and many other travel agencies where they sell cruises’ tickets. It connects to personal selling to use different types of tools to achieve the needs of customers. It uses e-mail (member confirm) and through post-mail (brochure sending) to directly send the information to customers.   Place P&O Cruises, the Britain’s leading cruise operator, customer aboard its shipping at Southampton, UK or fly on a scheduled or P&O Cruises’ charter flight to any of its 25 destinations all over the world. All ships cruise Europe in the summer, and in winter Aurora and Adonia embark on round the world cruises while Oceana and Oriana tour the Caribbean. Places are stabile in different places by annual schedules; depended on where customers plan to go abroad. The headquarters is in Southampton, but usually people usually book tickets at agencies instead of heading for P&O Cruises’ office. If people who would like to book tickets online, they could go to www. pocruises. com or through links on any ABTA agents to buy tickets. Agents are viewed as the P&O Cruises’ retailers. This method helps P&O Cruises reach its sale targets by selling tickets to many other segments in different areas and places. The channel of its distribution is producer –> retailers–> consumers (Blythe, 1998). Price P&O Cruises sets its price at the moment when customers buy tickets. The company uses different brochures to attract customer to join its cruises business. Customers could save as much as money if they book earlier according to the timetable set up by P&O Cruises. Customers could save up to 5%~45% discounts for early booking, depending on availability, and its reward for those who book early. P&O Cruises named it as â€Å"pricebreakers†. Besides, price differs from different cabin type and grade that customers choose. It is very easy for customers to find the price on the website or by the brochure which customers could also easily get by request online. * DRIP – P&O Cruises (model by Fill, 2002). P&O Cruises’ communications have need to: â€Å"Differentiates† itself by it is one of the oldest cruises company which form of British to attract customers who enjoy in English style. â€Å"Remind and reassure† its customers by telling them that the leisure cruising business was started by P&O in 1844. The step helps the company acquire trust from customers Oldest = standard = traditional (British) ? â€Å"Inform† the consumers by educating them that P&O Cruises is the company with offering high quality but middle-low price to customers â€Å"Persuade† to the consumers that althouthg P&O Cruises is the oldest company, it has most modern fleet of ships in the UK. Scenarios In order to know how a company created a website on line to present its own products through the internet, the company needs to define the level of commitment it wants to reach (Doren, 2000). There are 4 possible scenarios for promoting on the internet. P&O Cruises is belonging to the highest level 4, because it offers on-line ordering of products and services. The product P&O Cruises supplies to customer is not the tangible things that customers could touch but services and facilities on cruises. So the company tries to present its product through the website. P&O Cruises uses web cam, lots of 360i panoramic tour and many of pictures on its website to interact with users. Moreover, there are images, screensavers and wallpapers of its 4 ships for customers to download. The usages of multimedia presentations also reach facilitation as a web promotion; it enables a more personal, one-on-one approach with the internet user (Doren, 2000). According to the four possible scenarios lists, P&O Cruises does make a high extensive interaction with its customers through its website. The web site of P&O Cruises may be high costs, but it could attract more customers order on line.

Fast Food Essay Essay

America’s obesity is caused by numerous factors, that which are viewed differently by people. For example, many different people believe the problem of obesity is caused by over eating, increased portion sizes, lack of nutrition, and how fast food companies are going after children. These problems are all considered to be immense problems of obesity. Though, different people may believe only one of the followings is a major cause. Thus, it is of importance to discuss the reasons why. see more:effect of junk food essay First of all, portion sizes from fast food restaurants have dramatically increased over the course of a few decades. In the article, â€Å"By Any Other Name, It’s Still a Supersize,† the author, Lisa R. Young, states that, â€Å"In the last few years, Hardee’s, Burger King and Wendy’s all have introduced 1,000-calorie-plus sandwiches stuffed with 12 ounces of beef – the amount of meat recommended for two days for most adults.† This shows that one meal can be more than half the average calories needed for individuals in a single day. Instead, people should avoid large quantities of food and should eat healthier. Consequently, big portion sizes are one of the factors of obesity. Second, fast food companies are deliberately targeting children as they are easy targets to go after. Kelly Brownell, the author of â€Å"Are Children Prey for Fast Food Companies?† says how Happy Meals from McDonalds are served with toys. These toys are advertised and are served with low nutritious food. â€Å"Only 12 of 3,039 possible kids’ meal combinations meet nutrition criteria for preschoolers.† However, if fast food companies would serve healthier foods to children, like fruits and milk, the statistics would increase. Also, these foods are high in sugar, and fat. Ultimately, companies targeting children with unhealthy food and toys can lead to a higher rate of children being obese or diabetic. Strangely enough, fast food mimicking fast casual places may actually be better and healthier due to its fresher ingredients. Julie Jargon writes the article, â€Å"Fast Food Aspires to ‘Fast Casual’†; and she states that fast food restaurants are up scaling their food. â€Å"In the hope of appealing to more-sophisticated consumers, fast-food chains are moving beyond simple cheeseburgers and tacos, adding fancier ingredients such as portabella mushrooms, citrus-herb marinated chicken, and pepper bacon.† This upgrade may be attracting more customers to the fast food industry, but they will be attracted to healthier foods. Therefore, it may not be as much as a leading cause as of obesity as other things. In conclusion, fast food companies have changed America for the worse over the course of a few years. Fast food places mostly have high fat and low nutritious portion sizes that shouldn’t be eaten daily. Families shouldn’t eat fast foods as much as they think they should, and instead should result in eating healthier, fresher products. Alternatives to fast food places may dramatically decrease obesity in America. America’s obesity epidemic may be led by the fast food industries.

New Worlds For All essays

New Worlds For All essays New Worlds for All, Europeans, and the Remaking of Early America. By Colin G. Calloway. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1997. Colin G. Calloway effectively states to his readers that the Indians of the North America were not just pushed aside by the Europeans who had begun exploring and immigrating in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The Europeans had influenced them, but they also influenced the Europeans. The Indians and the Europeans each shaped the so-called New World into what it is today known as America. Neither one of them could have predicted that they would have created such a powerful country. This short book explores the new worlds that Indians and Europeans created together in early America and considers how conquest changed conquered people and conquerors alike. Throughout this short book, Calloway retells the stories and the culture they both made to create early America (178, xiii-xiv). Calloway states how Europeans did not come to America to create America or to mold themselves into something other than Indians. They came over here to make a New World like the home they had left and make it better. Neither the Europeans nor the Indians were looking for change, nor did they want to abandon their heritage and become like a person that is so different from their own. The two cultures were forced to interact because they shared the same land. Neither side would get anywhere if they were constantly fighting with each other all the time; therefore they had to find means of getting along. Out of necessity the adapted to their changing environment by exchanging ideas and establishing relationships that allowed them to interact. Later on down the road the colonists would see the unavoidable changes that had taken place within themselves and use them to proclaim their sense of independence from Great Britain and announce themselves as Americans (4, 6, 196-197). ...

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 33

Management - Essay Example These policies include providing the products at affordable prices, offering nutritional education, conducting community outreach projects, and offering adequate customer care services (Raphael 31). The policy of improving nutritional education is appropriate in the implementation of other strategies because it ensures that the local communities learn the benefits of healthy eating. This will significantly reduce risk factors for health problems such as obesity, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The company achieves this through the organization of education seminars, for both consumers and future clients, which educates about the benefits of genetically engineered food products (Raphael 33). This policy is significant because it has facilitated the implementation of public awareness campaigns. The provision of distinct, but satisfying customer care services, in a well-organized and shopper-friendly manner, is a policy that aims at implementing strategies that focus on improving company-to-customer relationships. This ensures that potential customers are retained and maintained. These customers, in turn, participate in improving the quality of products through offering scientific-based pieces of advice (Raphael 39). This policy has also enhanced the hiring the hiring of professional nutritionists who also help in improving the quality of the firm’s products. The company also has a policy that focuses on ensuring the provision of standards of high quality dietary supplements, organic and natural products, which cover a number of purposes. This policy is significant in ensuring that strategies that target customer satisfaction are formulated and implemented. This also gives store managers opportunities to stock their groceries with different natural and organic produc ts that are in-line with the community’s tastes and preferences (Raphael 44). Lastly, the firm has a strategy of flexible investment in real estate. This

Cultural values and other factors within America Essay

Cultural values and other factors within America - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that America is the country of choice as far as relocation is concerned here. This is because America is a free society in entirety and people can enjoy whatever they feel like doing. America is a haven as far as work domains are concerned because it gives an individual so much in terms of learning and acquiring of skills that other people from the rest of the world can only think of. America is a free world. This has been proven with time and research. Its culture is such that people are allowed the space to interact with one another, enjoy the respective spaces, mingle with the different practices and realms, and basically enjoy life’s varied offerings. The cultural; values that are most widespread within America comprise of the respect that the people show to one another. They do not like to interfere in another man’s job. Hence the reason that there is a lot of empathy for one another, and people like to cherish each other ’s company. What is best about America is how these people are able to turn a new leaf with each passing day, and thus remain committed to the cause of growth and development, both within the professional entities as well as their personal selves. The social practices that are present in America are such that people enjoy them immensely. They like to go to parties, on beaches, enjoy different games and sports, varied activities, and so on.

Influence of Technology on Nursing Education Thesis

Influence of Technology on Nursing Education - Thesis Example In this context, the researchers have put forward an effective step to developing an understanding of nurse’s perception about the barriers for online education. The wide scope of this field is rejected, mostly by the nursing staffs. This is because of various reasons such as the lack of necessary computer skills, inefficient training in the prevailing education system, lack of motivation and orientation etc. The willingness of the staffs is also accountable for the rejection. The attitude of nurses with regard to the concept of online education is different from the nursing students and the employed nursing staffs. The study is done based on the hypothesis that the nursing students have a positive attitude towards the online education. Among the hospital employed nurses, lack of staff confidence in using technology inhibits their use of online education. Today the hospitals are providing quality healthcare with advanced technologies. The need of continuing education helps to improve the quality of service. These circumstances laid the platform for the nontraditional academic system of learning. These educational programs and training sessions are important to update the medication, skill, and techniques of the nurses. The virtual hospitals are the other out breaking area in the IT field. The simulation labs are very much efficient in e-learning. Various barriers such as lack of access to computers and the internet, lack of orientation and motivation towards the use of computer technologies, the multigenerational gap among the employers etc., influence the perception of the nurses towards applying the technology to further advance their education prospects. The TIGER is the Technology Informatics Guiding Educational Reform which initiative to enable practicing nurses and the nursing students to fully update in the emerging Digital El ectronic era in healthcare.

Classical culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Classical culture - Essay Example Thus, this paper considers even further if Christian influence positively affected European history as it is expected or if it did more harm to the nation than good. Christianity speaks about love, justice and humanity. These are important considerations not only socially but also politically. Therefore, for people in the past and today, this is expected to have a good influence in individuals and in groups of people as well. Quite profoundly, Europe’s history shows the actualization of this Roman Catholic doctrine as the patriarch did his best in making warring nations come to friendly terms. At a time when the nations were at war, it has been a good thing that the Roman Catholic Church was there to advocate peace and brotherly love, an act which cooled down arguments and put some sense in the heads of hot-tempered leaders. The rise of Christian power also opened the way to the arguments about equality which nearly led to the abolishment of slavery in Medieval Europe. Such liberal thoughts consequently resulted to scholars and studies which has become the foundations of modern researches. This means that Christianity did not only affect the political realms of Europe but it also influenced its economic and educational advancements. Nevertheless, despite the positive changes Christianity brought along to the nation, it has affected it negatively as well. The world has become familiar about the information on European Christians who used their membership to the church to exploit non-Christians. There were several deaths that occurred in the name of Christianity, considering the victims as evils who were doomed with their religion and cultural backgrounds. Once again, they re-lived the lives of ancient Biblical accounts of wars and claimed that it is but right for them to kill non-Christians as popular characters in the Bible have done. This is also perhaps the reason why

Effect of Phone Type on Texting Frequency

Effect of Phone Type on Texting Frequency Texting and Mobile Phones among Fourth Year High School Students in Saint Augustine’s School Ballocanag, Brian Emil Dungan, DonEllise Francisco, Ralph Vincent Jacinto, Arvin Jhay Javillionar, Kevin Jayson Laplana, Clifford Sean Lite, Gwynette Manzano, Aixel Nicolas, Rinalyn Tacho, Mariella Stephanie Lyne Abstract This study was concluded to give an answer to the problem if there is really a significant effect of the typeof mobile phones to the frequency of texting. The researchers distributed 24 copies of questionnaire to the Junior and Senior students of Saint Augustine’s School, 2014-2015, to know if how many times do they text daily using the type of mobile phones that they have. The Chi-Square Test of Independence was used to test the null hypothesis. The researchers accepted the null hypothesis since the P-value was more than the significance level 0.05. Thus, it was concluded that the frequency of texting is not dependent on the type of mobile phone. Introduction Mobile Phones are great for talking to someone without seeing his/her face. But theyre also great for messaging especially text messaging, to get in touch with our loved ones and even some strangers without having a phone call which really requires cost. Often, we flaunt our mobile phones simply because they are smartphones and were manufactured by some of the famous companies in the field of gadgets. We care less the phones that are locally-made and classical. Sometimes, we are fond of using the popular-branded smartphones because they are being advertised in the television and we don’t want to be left behind by the high-tech and industrialized world. At present, we are attracted to expensive and high-class brand of mobile phones. We often believe in some cell phone companies telling that their products are better than their competitor’s products. We are then persuaded and lured by them that we begin to patronize and buy their mobile phones without so much hesitation. And our biggest and most specific reason is that, we text more when using them than when using the old-branded and normal mobile phones. Is there really a relationship between texting and the type of mobile phone? Teenagers from the wealthier household and who own the brands of the top five mobile phone manufacturer smart phones use text message slightly more frequent than teens who own the low-end standard mobile phones and from lower income household (PewInternet, 2009). The objective of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between texting and the type of mobile phone. This study did not include the originality of the mobile phones that the interviewees have. It did not matter if they were imitated or not. Those Grade-9 and 4th year students of Saint Augustine’s School, year 2014-2015, were the ones who were interviewed. Mobile Phones Smartphones Smartphone, refers to mobile phone which works like personal computers, has an independent operating system. Users can install software and games provided by the third party service providers, in order to extend the function of the mobile phone. And it can connect to mobile Internet through mobile communication network followed (Kumar, March 2012). Texting Frequency The volume of texting among teens has risen from 50 texts a day in 2009 to 60 texts for the median teen text user. Older teens, boys, and blacks are leading the increase. Texting is the dominant daily mode of communication between teens and all those with whom they communicate (Lenhart, 2012). Teen texting The Pew Internet survey shows that the heaviest texters are also the heaviest talkers. The heaviest texters (those who exchange more than 100 texts a day) are much more likely than lighter texters to say that they talk on their cell phone daily. Some 69% of heavy texters talk daily on their cell phones, compared with 46% of medium texters (those exchanging 21-100 texts a day) and 43% of light texters (those exchanging 0-20 texts a day) (Lenhart, 2012). The null hypothesis was there is no significant effect of the type of mobile phone on the frequency of texting. The alternative hypothesis was there is a significant effect of the type of mobile phone on the frequency of texting. Methodology Participants The 243 out of 276 Junior and Senior students of Saint Augustine’s School (SAS) who have mobile phones who answered the questionnaire, computer with access to internet where the articles, journals and data regarding the study were taken, 24 copies of questionnaire and the facts about texting and mobile phones were the participants of this investigatory project. Procedure The 24 copies of questionnaire were distributed to every column of each classroom of the Juniors and Seniors last November 24, 2014.Through the questionnaire, the researchers asked for the total number of the students who have smartphones and those who have regular phones. They were questioned if how many times do they text daily- 1-5 times,6-10 times,11-15 times or 15-20 times. The result of the survey was summarized in a 24 table but later simplified to a 22 table because those who text 1-5 and 6-10 times a day were taken as one as well as those who text 11-15 and 16-20 times in order to make the solution to the problem less complicated. Data Analysis A chi-square test of independence was performed to test the null hypothesis of no association between type of mobile phone and frequency of texting. Results The P-value, 0.25, which was more than the significance level 0.05 provided a very strong evidence that the frequency of texting doesn’t depend on the type of mobile phone. Thus, the researchers accepted the null hypothesis and it was proper to conclude that the type of mobile phone, smartphone and regular phone, has no significant effect on the frequency of texting. Discussions All the textual data were based on online articles. They were borrowed, read, analyzed, and summarized. The numerical data, which were gathered through a questionnaire, were summed up in a 22 table for a more concise and apprehensible look. However, they were originally summarized in a 24 table but to make it easier and faster to arrive to the answer, the researchers have chosen to just take those who text 1-5 and 6-10 times a day as one and the who text 11-15 and 16-20 times both in the row of smartphone and regular phone. There were approximately 12 % of the respondents who did not answer the questionnaire both intentionally and unintentionally but it did not stop the researchers from proceeding to the next step. Using the numerical data, and the Chi-Square Test of Independence as the statistical tool, the researchers computed for the degrees of freedom (DF), expected frequencies (Er,c) and test statistics (X2) . Er,c and X2 were rounded off to the nearest hundredths. The researchers used the Chi-Square Distribution table to find for the P-value which was found out to be 0.25. The null hypothesis, saying that the type of mobile phone has no significant effect on the frequency of texting, was accepted because the P-value was far higher than the significance level 0.05. Appendices Raw Data *Students who have mobile phone: 243 *Students who did not answer: 33 *Total population: 276 B. Statistical Computations Using the numerical data, the researchers computed for the degrees of freedom, expected frequencies, test statistic, and approximate P-value associated with the test statistic and degrees of freedom. Degrees of Freedom DF = (r 1) * (c 1) where r is the number of levels for one categorical variable, and c is the number of levels for the other categorical variable. DF = (r 1) * (c 1)=(2-1)*(2-1) =1 Expected Frequencies Er,c= (nr* nc) / n where Er,cis the expected frequency count for levelrof Variable A and levelcof Variable B, nris the total number of sample observations at level r of Variable A, ncis the total number of sample observations at levelcof Variable B, and n is the total sample size. Er,c= (nr* nc) / n E1,1=( 182*91)/243= 68.16 E1,2=( 182*152)/243=113.84 E2,1=( 61*91)/243=22.84 E2,2 =( 61*152)/243=38.16 Test Statisitics ÃŽ §2= ÃŽ £ [ (Or,c Er,c)2/ Er,c] where Or,cis the observed frequency count at levelrof Variable A and levelcof Variable B, and Er,cis the expected frequency count at levelrof Variable A and levelcof Variable B. ÃŽ §2= ÃŽ £ [ (Or,c Er,c)2/ Er,c] =(67-68.16)2/68.16+(115-113.84)2/113.84+(24-22.84)2/22.84+(37-38.16)2/38.16 =0.10+0.01+0.06+0.34 =0.51 P-value Using the Chi-Square Distribution Table The first higher value than the Test Statistics, going to the right, row of 1 as the DF, was 1.32, so looking up to its P-value in the uppermost cell of its column was equal 0.25. C. Questionnaire To all the Juniors and Seniors, This questionnaire is very much needed for the completion of our 3rd Grading Investigatory project. We ask for your active participation and honesty in answering the given questions. Thank you! Yours Truly, Group 2 of IV-2 Year and Section: How many are you in your classroom? Per column: 1. How many are you in your column? 2. Who are the students who own smartphones and non-smartphones? For number 2, follow the format below. Students with smartphones ( phones with access to internet, camera, etc.) Students with regular phone (phone intended for messaging and calling, w/o access to internet and do not consist of downloadable applications.) References Central Intelligence Agency(2011).The worldfactbook. Retrieved Sept., 14, 2014, from  https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development.  Pestle analysis. Retrieved from  http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/pestle-analysis.aspx Kumar, Dinesh(March 2012). An empirical study of brand preference of mobile phones among  college and university students. Lenhart, Amanda (2012). Teens, smartphones texting.Retrieved from  http://www.pewinternet.org/2012/03/19/teens-smartphones-texting/ Mika Husso (2011). Analysis of competition in the mobile phone markets of  the United States and Europe. http://epub.lib.aalto/ethesis/pdf/12638/hse_ethesis_12638.pdf.fi/en Nurullah, A.S. (2009). The cell phone as an agent of social change. Retrieved from  http://ualberta.academia.edu/AbuSadatNurullah/Papers/109273/The_Cell_Phone_as_an_Agent_of_Social_Change Sharma, S., Gopal, V., Sharama, R., Sharma, N.,(Eds.).(2012). Study on mobile phones brand pattern among the college students of Delhi-NCR.Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/monikakumari1971/a-study-on-mobile-phones-brand switching-pattern-among-the-college-students-of-delhincr-33612332631pb The Carphone Warehouse (2006). The mobile life youth report 2006: The impact of the mobile  phone on the lives of young people.Retrieved fromhttp://www.mobilelife2006.co. uk/