Teachers At U Link Cic Shanghai - 928 Words

Dear ESL teachers at U-Link CIC Shanghai, As a student who graduated from U-Link CIC Shanghai, I feel grateful for my four-year CIC careers, which brought me academic success – my English level was improved to a proficient level, which satisfied the requirements of American colleges. However, after studying in UC Davis for over a year accompanying with ESL writing courses taken every quarter, I found that ESL exams provided by CIC seem to have some imperfections: the writing section of the exams are not extensive enough to let students practice writing different styles of essays. In this letter I would like to analyze in details about how this form of exam would affect students, and some possible solutions I have come up with. As I remember, writing section occupies a significant amount of the total grades of the ESL exams in CIC. Other than writing, oral, listening and reading also contribute towards the total grades, but writing is the most significant part. Writing paper is an individual paper that asks students to write two essays out of six within two hours. The six prompts provided include two prompts for argumentative essays, two prompts for descriptive essays and another two about narrative essays. However there are no restrictions about whether students should pick up different types of essays, which means that students can definitely pick up two essays in the same category if they are good at a specific type of essay. This can be thought as a flaw: students canShow MoreRelatedMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pages A summary of the case analysis I N T R O D U C T I O N Preparing an effective case analysis: The full story Hearing with the aid of implanted technology: The case of Cochlearâ„ ¢ – an Australian C A S E O N E high-technology leader Delta Faucet: Global entrepreneurship in an emerging market C A S E T W O DaimlerChrysler: Corporate governance dynamics in a global company C A S E T H R E E Gunns and the greens: Governance issues in Tasmania C A S E F O U R Succeeding in the Sydney indie music industryRead MoreProject Managemant29326 Words   |  118 Pagescarrier. Northwest began on October 1, 1926, flying mail between Minneapolis/St. Paul and Chicago. Passenger service began the following year. On July 15, 1947, Northwest pioneered the â€Å"Great Circle† route to Asia, with service to Tokyo, Seoul, Shanghai, and Manila. Today, Northwest Airlines, with its global travel partners, serves more than 750 destinations in 120 countries on six continents. In 2001, it had more than 53,000 employees worldwide. The U.S. system spans 49 states and the District

A Reaction Paper On A Country Doctor English Literature Essay Free Essays

Franz Kafka ‘s A state physician is a narrative about a physician who is called upon in the center of the dark to go to to a earnestly sick immature adult male.Hampered by deficiency of conveyance agencies and utmost conditions conditions, the physician is at strivings to come up with solutions to his jobs. This essay paper will try to consistently analyze the challenges and defeats that the physician encounters as the narrative unfolds. We will write a custom essay sample on A Reaction Paper On A Country Doctor English Literature Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay will besides reply the inquiries as to why the narrative may be referred to as a incubus every bit good as explore the major subjects brought out in this artistic narrative that is so a reproduction of Franz Kafka ‘s coevals and the current modern society. Challenges and Frustrations The physician is in a quandary He is challenged by the fact that he has no agencies of conveyance to take him to the place of the gravely sick immature adult male, 10 stat mis off. The physician ‘s Equus caballus had died due to the icy winter. â€Å" My ain Equus caballus had died the old dark as a consequence of overexertion in this icy winter. † The physician is frustrated at this point because no one inA A the small town was willing to help him. â€Å" My servant miss was at that really minute running around the small town to see if she could borrow a Equus caballus but it was hopeless-I knew that. † Out of defeat the physician hazards aching himself by kicking the pigpen ‘s door. â€Å" I kicked my pes against the chapped door of the pigpen which had non been used for old ages. † The terrible conditions conditions pose a challenge to the physician excessively. He has to digest the chilly blizzard to travel and go to to a patient. The physician says, â€Å" A terrible blizzard filled the infinite between him and me. † The physician does non conceal his quandary when he says, â€Å" I stood there useless, progressively covered by snow, going all the clip immobile. † After handling the ill immature adult male the physician attempts to do his manner place but the one time strong and fat Equus caballuss are old and tired, they move at a slow rate at which the physician feels he will ne’er make place. See, â€Å" We dragged easy through the snowy desert like old work forces. † The physician is obviously frustrated when he says, â€Å" I ‘ll ne’er come place at this rate. He becomes sad when he thinks of his place which was occupied by the Groom. â€Å" In my house the disgusting groom is bringing mayhem, Rosa is his victim . † The 3rd challenge that the physician brushs is the Groom. The physician does non cognize how to cover with this alien. First, when the groom viciously bites Rosa on her cheeks, the physician merely threatens the groom with words and quiet down at one time because he wanted to borrow a Equus caballus from the groom. At that minute, the physician is about the groom ‘s slave. The groom finally offers his Equus caballuss to the physician but decides to remain with Rosa alternatively of going with the doctor.A The physician is hence at hamlets. He does non cognize whether he should remain and protect Rosa from the barbarous groom or travel in front and go to to the earnestly sick Youngman. The physician chose the later. However, as the narrative unfolds the defeats of the physician refering this determination go evident. See, â€Å" I had to give Rosa every bit good, this beautiful miss, who lives in my house all twelvemonth long and whom I barely notice-this forfeit is excessively great. † The physician is challenged by poorness and excessively much work. He has dedicated his life to functioning the territory but is ill paid. See, â€Å" I am employed by the territory and my responsibility make my responsibility to the full, right to the point where it is about excessively much. Badly paid, but I am generous and ready to assist the hapless. † The physician has merely one Equus caballus, when the Equus caballus dies the physician lacks agencies of conveyance to enable him execute his responsibilities expeditiously. The physician is obviously overworked. He is called at midnight to go to to patients. It seems he seldom sleeps since his dark bell was ever rung by villagers. When executing his responsibilities the physician is under force per unit area from the villagers. They want him to immediately bring around their patients. The physician is frustrated by this when he says. â€Å" I am non a universe humanitarian. † Subjects The first subject that has been good brought out is the subject of agony. At the beginning of the narrative, the physician suffers psychologically because he has no agencies of conveyance to enable him make the place of a earnestly sick adult male. â€Å" I was in great trouble. An pressing journey was confronting me.A earnestly sick adult male was waiting for me in a small town 10 stat mis distant. † The physician ‘s Equus caballus had died and he was worried because no villager would impart him a Equus caballus. â€Å" Of class, who is now traveling to impart his Equus caballus for such a journey? † The utmost icy winter made the physician to endure. First his Equus caballus dies in the winter go forthing him without agencies of conveyance and secondly the physician has to digest the chilly conditions to go to toA A the patient. â€Å" I stood there useless, progressively covered by snow, going all the clip more immobile. Rosa suffers when the groom bites her on the cheeks. â€Å" On the miss ‘s cheeks are ruddy Markss from two rows of dentition. † Rosa further suffers when the physician leaves her to remain with the evil groom against her will. â€Å" No, screams Rosa and runs into the house with an accurate foreboding of the inevitableness of her destiny. † The ill immature adult male suffers excessively. The immature adult male suffers from a deathly lesion that is infested with worms. See, â€Å" On his right side, in the part of the hip, a lesion the size of the thenar of 1s manus had opened up. † The immature adult male holding lost hope of life Tells the physician, â€Å" Doctor allow me decease. † The 2nd subject found in this narrative is blasted. The physician blames his failure to go to T o a earnestly sick patient on his deficiency of a Equus caballus. See, â€Å" But the Equus caballus was missing- the Equus caballus. † The physician further blames the villagers for unnecessarily citing him to go to patients who harmonizing to the physician were merely shaming unwellness. He blames the villagers further for non helping him in clip of demand. See, â€Å" My servant miss was at that really minute running around the small town to see if she could borrow a Equus caballus but it was hopeless. † The state physician as a narrative constantly topographic points blame for his failure on others, on the deficiency of Equus caballuss, on the groom, on the villagers, on the immature adult male. His narrative attitude is one of ; if I have failed it is non my mistake, but instead the mistake of others ( Grey 2009 ) Exploitation is another subject found in this narrative. Exploitation is unjust intervention of person or usage of a state of affairs in a manner that is incorrect in order to acquire some benefit ( Wikipedia, 2009 ) the groom appears at a clip when the physician is need of conveyance agencies and takes advantage of the state of affairs to take Rosa against her will. â€Å" I see how in add-on she chases down the room seting all the visible radiations in order to do herselfA impossible to happen. † The subject of treachery is besides apparent in this shortA A narrative. The physician betrays his house aid when he leaves he in the custodies of the barbarous groom. â€Å" I had to give Rosa every bit good, this beautiful miss who lives in my house all twelvemonth long and whom I barely notice-this forfeit is excessively great. † He witnesses the unmarried man force himself upon the house maid but instead than remain to entree and demilitarize the alien, the physician allows the steeds to transport him off as the shriek of his maidservant reverberation through the winter dark. ( Hemphill 2009 ) This short narrative may be called a incubus. The physician concludes that the ill immature adult male is shaming unwellness after a brief scrutiny. The physician merely observed the pulse of the patient. In his concluding the patient was merely seeking attending that he was non ill. The physician in this narrative does non run the manner physicians in existent universe operate. Alex Hemphill observed that Franz Kafka ‘s – A state physician is written in a watercourse of consciousness and includes all the devising of a incubus ( 2009 ) When the physician kicked the door of the pigpen at that place emerged the groom and the two Equus caballuss cryptically. This is absolute phantasy and can non go on in a existent world.. â€Å" Two Equus caballuss, powerful animate beings with strong wings shoved their manner one behind the other. † A state physician can be read as fulfillment phantasy motivated by self excuse ( Grey 2009 ) Decision The physician in Franz Kafka ‘s -A state physician is a contemplation of some people in the society who sacrifice their lives to function everyone but their attempts are barely noticed by anyone. They are the unobserved heroes of national development who would instead decease than fail responsibility. Though frustrated by environment and a society that does non appreciate them, such people do non fear to meet the challenges that lie in front of them. Possibly the physician sums everything in his narrative by asseverating that, â€Å" To compose prescriptions is easy but to come to an understanding with people is difficult. † How to cite A Reaction Paper On A Country Doctor English Literature Essay, Essay examples

Principals of Financial Markets Research Analysis

Question: Describe about the Principals of Financial Markets for Research Analysis. Answer: Introduction: In the following topic of research analysis the research has conducted an extensive research of the airline industries in the global market along with the economical market of Australia. In this regard, the top down analysis of the airline industry has been done with the view of understanding the shortcomings of the industries and strategize the operations of the firm in accordance with the drawbacks. In this regard, the researcher has also provided substantial reasons that are justifying the changes that have occurred in the economical market of the airline industry on a global platform. The prime focus of the researcher was to identify the changes and the causes for the same and suggest the remedial measures that may help these industries in its objective of profit maximization. Furthermore, the researcher has also undergone the bottom up analysis of the two major airline companies operating in Australia that are Qantas Airways and Virgin Blue. The analysis has been done with the p urpose of identifying the causes and highlighting the reasons that have caused the changes in the working structure of the respective companies. In order to justify the said changes, the researcher has conducted a thorough analysis of the finances of the company. Overview of Qantas and Virgin: Qantas was established in the Winton of Queensland on 16th November 1920 in the form of Queensland and Northern territory Aerial Services Limited. At present, Qantas is the largest airline company in Australia and oldest as well. The main international hubs of Qantas are Melbourne and Sydney airport. Qantas is focused on offering a cost effective flying experience to its customers. On the other hand, Virgin is a British conglomerate operating across various product portfolio. It has a group of companies in diversified field namely transport, food drink, health, telecommunications and media. However, airlines is one of the biggest business line of Virgin. The company is missioned to provide quality products and services to the customers to improve standard of living. Top down Analysis: As stated by Bilotkach and Lakew (2014), the recent changes in the economic world have led to a wide variety of changes than on the other hand have caused the Airline Industry to face a rise in the cost of operations and degradation of it as well. An extensive analysis of the airline industry displayed that the global airline industrial market is facing a lot of chaos simultaneously. The general or common economic environment of the industry comprises of the micro perspective of the same. According to Blankespoor et al. (2013), in this regard pastel analysis of the airline industry may be assumed to the one of the most essential tools that would help the firms to evaluate about the existing working environment that may be available for initiating a proper functioning of the business entity. In this regard, the analysis of the working environment available for the firms operating in the airline industry can be explained as below: Economic Environment of Industry: At present, GDP Value in Australia is 1339.54 whereas the annual growth rate of the GDP is 3.30. GDP at constant prices is currently at 421725.00 in Australia whereas the value of Gross National Product (GNP) is 395902.00. Also, the existing interest rate in Australia as indicated by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) stands at 1.50%. As regard to the currency value of Australia, 1 AUD is equal to 0.75 USD or 0.67 Euro. In the opinion of Afonso and Sousa (2012), a subsequent amount of political interference in the workings of the airline companies has had a considerable negative impact on the economic environment of the aviation industry. In the view of the strict political measures, the satisfaction of the passengers is the first priority and not the well-being of the airline firms. As observed by Chen and Chen (2012),the overall rise of competition in the industry have made the consumers to take the lead in deciding and controlling the ticket prices along with the prices of the other amenities and this in turn degrades the price structure. In the words of Gregory and Smith (2016), the strong political measures implemented for this industry also contribute towards the lower price level. In this context it may also be noted that airline companies operating in Australia have good trading policies to abide by. The breaking down of the trade barriers by adopting the trading policies of regional, multilateral and the bilateral nature consists of one of the major concerns of the trading policy of country like Australia. Here, it may be noted that among the major business entities involved in the airline business in Australia, Qantas Airways and Virgin Blue are the primary ones. As opinioned by Merkert and Cowie (2012), the prime agenda of these two airline companies is to attain maximum customers that are frequent users of the companys services from all corners of the world. The factors that are listed below in the scheme of Corporate Social Responsibility is necessary for the stated companies to follow. In addition to this Wang et al (2016), stated that the international issues concerning the industry are also required to be taken into consideration by the airline companies in order to avoid the possibility of cultural damage and breakage of the international laws. In the view of Zou et al. (2014), the working atmosphere for the Australian airline companies is suitable in the present scenario as there is no involvement of the given country in threatening situations such as war and other things. Due to the adequacy in the working situations and economic environment of Australia, the airline companies get the opportunity to provide its services to the passengers of business class more often along around the globe. According to Herndon et al. (2014), it also helps the companies to serve the travelers of the leisure trips that in turn may be favorable for the companies as it will help in generating more amount of revenue. As the economic environment of Australia facilitates a stable business undertaking of the airline companies, therefore the level of political interference in the workings of these companies is also minimum. The recent economic times having been facing the chances of recession all around the global market especially in the developed countries. This in turn poses an adverse impact on the workings of the airline industry in Australia. The static development of the airline industry is caused by a number of global economic reasons. In the words of Borenstein and Rose (2014), the contact fluctuation in the prices of fuel oil, low rate of the growth of the economy has been the basic reasons for the immobility of this industry. Similarly, as observed by Corsetti et al. (2013), the airline industries are also fighting against a number of economic drawbacks including rise in oil prices, increment in labor demand, high maintenance cost, increased operational cost, reduced consumer quantity and the fierce competition from the similar firms and many more. Along with the recent incidences of airplane highjack and disappearances contribute largely to the leading issues to be tackled by the airline com panies on a global platform. In the words of Fenna (2013), the developed countries like Australia have negligible chances of unemployment due to which the situation of scarcity regarding the skilled and trained workers arrive. As a result of this the airline companies have to bear the rise in the demand of the existing working employees which is not favorable for the companies. Therefore, in the opinion of Zhang et al. (2014), the airline companies require finding out better alternative ways to deal with the above stated problem that may help the companies to attain the maximum number of skilled and trained employees. In this context, it may also be said that owing to the export generation of the Australian economy, the airline companies get the chances to serve the frequent travelers concerning the freight industry and thus make more income. In the words of Altman et al. (2013), on account of the betterment in the service quality of the companies to the consumers along with improves quantity has resulted due to the changes that have occurred in the social environment of the country like Australia. as opinioned by Bonner et al. (2013), in order to attain the maximum opportunity of profit generation, the firms require serving the rise of demands. For the purpose of satisfying the rising demands, the firms require to steady the cost of operations of the company. According to Brueckner and Picard (2013), Owing to the high rate of literacy in the country, the consumers of Australia are well acquainted with the businesses due to which the airline companies are compelled to adopt the consumer friendly business approach. In addition to this, the requirement of business conferences involving physical presence have gradually declined due to the technological advancements that do not require the physical presence of the business de legates. In the words of Lawton et al. (2013), The airline companies operating in Australia need to develop the technological procurements to gather maximum amount of customers owing to the fierce competition generated by the rival firms that may in turn increase the chances of decline in the number of consumers of the airline companies. Besides, the implementation of the technological advancements may also assist the airline industries in narrowing down the prices of the fuel oil and the operational cost of the companies operating in the airline industry. The efficiency of the employees of the companies might also improve due to these said changes. The International Air Transport Association states in its published report that the demand of the industry increased by a percentage of 6.5 than the previous year. According to Misopoulos, et al. (2014), one of the prime reasons for this massive increase in the demand of the airline companies has been determined to be a reduced price of the services offered by the companies. In addition to the increase in demand the revenue generation capacity of the companies have also increased by a percentage of 5.6. Therefore, it can be concluded that the results derived by the airline companies in the year 2015 have been the strongest among the given years. Bottom up Analysis: In the words of Zhang et al. (2013), the better understanding of the micro perspectives constitutes to be the major purpose of undergoing the swot analysis of any particular business organization. Establishing a link in between the objectives and the strategic planning of a business entity comprises of being the basic aim of swot analysis. According to Pearson et al. (2015), in order to attain a consecutive competitive advantage on the rival firms operating in the same industry the analysis helps access the unique features of the nature of the business that helps it become different from its counterparts. The analysis also benefits the companies by accessing and determining the weaknesses and shortcomings of the firms and helping in improvement of the same. For the purpose of determining the above criterions, the profitability ratios along with the financial ratios have been discussed thoroughly by the researcher. In this context, the annual reports of the two major airline companies operating in Australia have been used. These companies are namely Virgin Blue Ltd and Qantas Airways comparison: Financial Ratios and Growth Profitability of Qantas Airways Ltd Key Ratios - Profitability Years 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Margins % of Sales Gross Margin 73.77 56.83 55.77 55.24 55.62 51.72 54.6 49.83 54.01 Operating Margin 6.9 5.83 1.39 -1.55 -0.63 -6.6 1.28 -26.19 4.92 Profitability Asset Turnover (Average) 0.78 0.8 0.73 0.67 0.7 0.71 0.77 0.81 0.89 Return on Assets % 3.71 4.93 0.59 0.56 1.23 -1.17 0.02 -15.16 3.2 Liquidity/Financial Health Current Ratio 0.87 0.74 0.89 0.93 0.9 0.77 0.82 0.66 0.68 Quick Ratio 0.82 0.67 0.78 0.81 0.78 0.65 0.7 0.58 0.6 Financial Leverage 3.17 3.44 3.5 3.35 3.39 3.6 3.4 6.05 5.09 Debt/Equity 0.68 0.62 0.86 0.86 0.89 0.92 0.88 1.84 1.39 Efficiency Receivables Turnover 11.64 11.2 11.69 12.43 13.59 13.95 12.49 11.52 14.41 Inventory Turnover 15.45 34.34 27.64 20.94 18.45 19.25 19.51 22.33 22.36 Fixed Assets Turnover 1.23 1.28 1.19 1.08 1.1 1.07 1.14 1.25 1.46 Asset Turnover 0.78 0.8 0.73 0.67 0.7 0.71 0.77 0.81 0.89 In accordance to the listed contents of the above profitability table of Qantas Airways Ltd, it can be witnessed that the companys gross margin has increased in the recent years. However, it must also be noted that the proceeding years have been witnessing a decline in the same. In order to evaluate a business entitys gross margin, the value of the revenue generated from sales is deducted from the cost of goods sold by the company. On the other hand, on subtracting the total generated revenue after the deduction of the operating expenses from the revenue generated constitutes of the firms operating margin. From the above stated table it is evident that the following company has been making improvements in the recent years in comparison to the previous years. In this context, Armstrong et al. (2016) concluded that there exists a close link in between the rate of growth of the economy and the improvement rate of the operating margin of the firms. In order to analyze the status of the current ratio of the company the evaluation of the firms capacity of paying off its liabilities with the assets of the company is required. According to Bown and Crowley (2014), the cash balance of the business entity consists of one of the major assets through which the company may channelize the payment of its liabilities. The other similar assets for the payment of the companys liabilities consist of the account receivables, the market securities along with the account receivables of the same. The above table also demonstrates an improvement in the current ratio of Qantas Airways Ltd in the succeeding years. In the words of Biddle (2015), the improvement of the current ratio demonstrates the improved efficiency of the company in paying the liabilities of the same. On the other hand, the receivables turnover ratio of a company helps in determining the credit generating capacity of the firm and the capacity of debt collection based on that particular credit. This further illustrates that Qantas Airways Ltd collects the cash on the basis of credit with the view of funding the business operations. The assets turnover ratio is beneficial for the company as it helps the company to acknowledge the capacity of sales generation on the basis of the assets of the company. in order to initiate this the firm requires to compare the average total sales of the company and the net sales of the same. The stagnant growth of Qantas Airways Ltd describes the slow growth rate of the asset tur nover ratio as the company is not efficient enough so as to increase the quantity of sales. Financial Ratio and Growth Profitability of Virgin Blue Ltd Key Ratios - Profitability Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Margins % of Sales Gross Margin _ _ 71.2 _ 72.28 73.33 71.77 71.91 74.68 Operating Margin 14.76 6.09 -7.58 2.87 -1.5 1.56 -3.43 -8.86 -2.41 Profitability Asset Turnover (Average) 0.94 0.82 0.78 0.82 0.85 1 0.95 0.95 0.9 Return on Assets % 9.36 3.46 -4.77 0.59 -1.76 0.58 -2.33 -7.81 -2.12 Liquidity/Financial Health Current Ratio 1.1 0.88 0.53 0.76 0.65 0.65 0.54 0.64 0.69 Quick Ratio Financial Leverage 3.1 3.61 5.83 4.15 4.15 4.3 4.26 4.46 5.37 Debt/Equity 1.02 1.28 2.68 1.65 1.52 1.53 1.46 1.52 2.16 Efficiency Receivables Turnover 39.09 34.45 28.91 26.41 22.52 24.24 23.14 20.83 20.51 Inventory Turnover _ _ _ _ 177.65 104.38 50.38 36.68 30.87 Fixed Assets Turnover 1.52 1.23 1.04 1.1 1.19 1.42 1.38 1.51 1.63 Asset Turnover 0.94 0.82 0.78 0.82 0.85 1 0.95 0.95 0.9 The above profitability table of Virgin Blue it is visible that there has been a massive increase in the gross margin of Virgin Blue due to the deduction of the revenue from the cost of goods sold by the company. The results derived after deducting the cost of goods sold by the company from the revenue of the same is ascertained to be the operating margin of Virgin Blue. The company tries to write off the liabilities with the assets of the same. This formulates to become the current ratio of the company. In this context it may be said that the efficiency of the current ratio of Virgin Blue has subsequently improved over the years. It can be noticed from the above table that the company was dealing with a lower current ratio that has shown an increment in 2015. The current ratio of Virgin Blue is displaying the capacity of the firm to pay off the current liabilities of the company in accordance with the assets of the same. The fluctuation in the value of receivables turnover of Virgin Blue among the stated years throws light upon the fact that the company has been dealing with subsequent difficulties regarding generation of money on credit and lending the same for conducting smooth business processes. In addition to this, the sales that the company is capable of generating through the assets are reflected by the companys assets turnover ratio. The above table displays in short the effect on the sales of the company through the above given years due to subsequent changes bin the asset turnover ratio of the company. The debt equity along with the financial leverage of the Virgin Blue is also mentioned in the above profitability table of the company. in the words of Brueckner et al. (2015), the debt equity ratio is a measure of the financial leverage taken up by the company whereas the financial leverage of the same consists of the debt that the company has taken for the purpose of purchasing assets. The shareholders fund as well as the amount of debt of the company is not necessary to be equal. The increment in the amount of debt equity does not necessarily turn out to be favorable for the company. The high rate of debt equity may also compel the investors of the company to refrain from making further investments owing to the high involvement of risk. In other words, this implies that in the long run the companies having a high debt equity ratio may not be able to channelize the required amount of borrowings from the investors. Conclusion The basic reason for conducting the following research analysis is understand the working process of the companies of the airline industry in the global and domestic market economy. In order to understand the changes occurring on the global flatworm the researcher has facilitated the top down analysis of the said industry. The changes that have occurred in the airlines industry have caused a decline in the profit generation of the companies along with increase in the cost of operations, rising demand of the employees, etc that have adversely affected the revenue earning capacity of the company and have also resulted in the decrease in demand of the company and affected its productivity. As a very limited quantity of research has been conducted based on this particular industry therefore the researcher has opted for the following industry with the view of expanding the scale of the research analysis. In this way, the companies operating in this industry may also derive the maximum amo unt of benefit by a better understanding of the working operation of the same. In this regard, the research has also provided a detailed analysis of the two airline companies along with the justification of the concerned changes to support the outcomes of the research analysis. Recommendations: Qantas: It is advisable for Qantas to identify new customer segments and new markets to expand its current business. The company can also focus on developing new marketing mix strategy that could help it to increases sales revenue through diversified range of services. These strategies could help the company in increasing its sales revenues so that the profitability and cash flows can get enhanced. Virgin: Increasing operating costs has been the main area of concern for Virgin. The company is recommended to use cost optimization strategy to reduce its existing operating strategy and increase profit margin. This can be done by identifying non-value adding activities and eliminating the same. In addition, use of variance analysis could help Virgin in keeping a close control over its costs. Reference List: Afonso, A. and Sousa, R.M., 2012. The macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy.Applied Economics,44(34), pp.4439-4454. Altman, E.I., Giannozzi, A., Roggi, O. and Sabato, G., 2013. Building Sme rating: is it necessary for lenders to monitor financial statements of the borrowers?.BANCARIA,10, pp.54-71. Armstrong, C., Guay, W.R., Mehran, H. and Weber, J., 2016. The role of financial reporting and transparency in corporate governance.Economic Policy Review, 8, pp.107-128. Biddle, G.C., 2015. The Role of Financial Statements in Reporting Financial Performance. InAccounting Finance/IASB Research Forum. Bilotkach, V. and Lakew, P.A., 2014. On sources of market power in the airline industry: Panel data evidence from the US airports.Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,59, pp.288-305. Blankespoor, E., Linsmeier, T.J., Petroni, K.R. and Shakespeare, C., 2013. Fair value accounting for financial instruments: Does it improve the association between bank leverage and credit risk?.The Accounting Review, 88(4), pp.1143-1177. 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