Influence of Technology on Nursing Education Thesis

Influence of Technology on Nursing Education - Thesis Example In this context, the researchers have put forward an effective step to developing an understanding of nurse’s perception about the barriers for online education. The wide scope of this field is rejected, mostly by the nursing staffs. This is because of various reasons such as the lack of necessary computer skills, inefficient training in the prevailing education system, lack of motivation and orientation etc. The willingness of the staffs is also accountable for the rejection. The attitude of nurses with regard to the concept of online education is different from the nursing students and the employed nursing staffs. The study is done based on the hypothesis that the nursing students have a positive attitude towards the online education. Among the hospital employed nurses, lack of staff confidence in using technology inhibits their use of online education. Today the hospitals are providing quality healthcare with advanced technologies. The need of continuing education helps to improve the quality of service. These circumstances laid the platform for the nontraditional academic system of learning. These educational programs and training sessions are important to update the medication, skill, and techniques of the nurses. The virtual hospitals are the other out breaking area in the IT field. The simulation labs are very much efficient in e-learning. Various barriers such as lack of access to computers and the internet, lack of orientation and motivation towards the use of computer technologies, the multigenerational gap among the employers etc., influence the perception of the nurses towards applying the technology to further advance their education prospects. The TIGER is the Technology Informatics Guiding Educational Reform which initiative to enable practicing nurses and the nursing students to fully update in the emerging Digital El ectronic era in healthcare.

Classical culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Classical culture - Essay Example Thus, this paper considers even further if Christian influence positively affected European history as it is expected or if it did more harm to the nation than good. Christianity speaks about love, justice and humanity. These are important considerations not only socially but also politically. Therefore, for people in the past and today, this is expected to have a good influence in individuals and in groups of people as well. Quite profoundly, Europe’s history shows the actualization of this Roman Catholic doctrine as the patriarch did his best in making warring nations come to friendly terms. At a time when the nations were at war, it has been a good thing that the Roman Catholic Church was there to advocate peace and brotherly love, an act which cooled down arguments and put some sense in the heads of hot-tempered leaders. The rise of Christian power also opened the way to the arguments about equality which nearly led to the abolishment of slavery in Medieval Europe. Such liberal thoughts consequently resulted to scholars and studies which has become the foundations of modern researches. This means that Christianity did not only affect the political realms of Europe but it also influenced its economic and educational advancements. Nevertheless, despite the positive changes Christianity brought along to the nation, it has affected it negatively as well. The world has become familiar about the information on European Christians who used their membership to the church to exploit non-Christians. There were several deaths that occurred in the name of Christianity, considering the victims as evils who were doomed with their religion and cultural backgrounds. Once again, they re-lived the lives of ancient Biblical accounts of wars and claimed that it is but right for them to kill non-Christians as popular characters in the Bible have done. This is also perhaps the reason why

Effect of Phone Type on Texting Frequency

Effect of Phone Type on Texting Frequency Texting and Mobile Phones among Fourth Year High School Students in Saint Augustine’s School Ballocanag, Brian Emil Dungan, DonEllise Francisco, Ralph Vincent Jacinto, Arvin Jhay Javillionar, Kevin Jayson Laplana, Clifford Sean Lite, Gwynette Manzano, Aixel Nicolas, Rinalyn Tacho, Mariella Stephanie Lyne Abstract This study was concluded to give an answer to the problem if there is really a significant effect of the typeof mobile phones to the frequency of texting. The researchers distributed 24 copies of questionnaire to the Junior and Senior students of Saint Augustine’s School, 2014-2015, to know if how many times do they text daily using the type of mobile phones that they have. The Chi-Square Test of Independence was used to test the null hypothesis. The researchers accepted the null hypothesis since the P-value was more than the significance level 0.05. Thus, it was concluded that the frequency of texting is not dependent on the type of mobile phone. Introduction Mobile Phones are great for talking to someone without seeing his/her face. But theyre also great for messaging especially text messaging, to get in touch with our loved ones and even some strangers without having a phone call which really requires cost. Often, we flaunt our mobile phones simply because they are smartphones and were manufactured by some of the famous companies in the field of gadgets. We care less the phones that are locally-made and classical. Sometimes, we are fond of using the popular-branded smartphones because they are being advertised in the television and we don’t want to be left behind by the high-tech and industrialized world. At present, we are attracted to expensive and high-class brand of mobile phones. We often believe in some cell phone companies telling that their products are better than their competitor’s products. We are then persuaded and lured by them that we begin to patronize and buy their mobile phones without so much hesitation. And our biggest and most specific reason is that, we text more when using them than when using the old-branded and normal mobile phones. Is there really a relationship between texting and the type of mobile phone? Teenagers from the wealthier household and who own the brands of the top five mobile phone manufacturer smart phones use text message slightly more frequent than teens who own the low-end standard mobile phones and from lower income household (PewInternet, 2009). The objective of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between texting and the type of mobile phone. This study did not include the originality of the mobile phones that the interviewees have. It did not matter if they were imitated or not. Those Grade-9 and 4th year students of Saint Augustine’s School, year 2014-2015, were the ones who were interviewed. Mobile Phones Smartphones Smartphone, refers to mobile phone which works like personal computers, has an independent operating system. Users can install software and games provided by the third party service providers, in order to extend the function of the mobile phone. And it can connect to mobile Internet through mobile communication network followed (Kumar, March 2012). Texting Frequency The volume of texting among teens has risen from 50 texts a day in 2009 to 60 texts for the median teen text user. Older teens, boys, and blacks are leading the increase. Texting is the dominant daily mode of communication between teens and all those with whom they communicate (Lenhart, 2012). Teen texting The Pew Internet survey shows that the heaviest texters are also the heaviest talkers. The heaviest texters (those who exchange more than 100 texts a day) are much more likely than lighter texters to say that they talk on their cell phone daily. Some 69% of heavy texters talk daily on their cell phones, compared with 46% of medium texters (those exchanging 21-100 texts a day) and 43% of light texters (those exchanging 0-20 texts a day) (Lenhart, 2012). The null hypothesis was there is no significant effect of the type of mobile phone on the frequency of texting. The alternative hypothesis was there is a significant effect of the type of mobile phone on the frequency of texting. Methodology Participants The 243 out of 276 Junior and Senior students of Saint Augustine’s School (SAS) who have mobile phones who answered the questionnaire, computer with access to internet where the articles, journals and data regarding the study were taken, 24 copies of questionnaire and the facts about texting and mobile phones were the participants of this investigatory project. Procedure The 24 copies of questionnaire were distributed to every column of each classroom of the Juniors and Seniors last November 24, 2014.Through the questionnaire, the researchers asked for the total number of the students who have smartphones and those who have regular phones. They were questioned if how many times do they text daily- 1-5 times,6-10 times,11-15 times or 15-20 times. The result of the survey was summarized in a 24 table but later simplified to a 22 table because those who text 1-5 and 6-10 times a day were taken as one as well as those who text 11-15 and 16-20 times in order to make the solution to the problem less complicated. Data Analysis A chi-square test of independence was performed to test the null hypothesis of no association between type of mobile phone and frequency of texting. Results The P-value, 0.25, which was more than the significance level 0.05 provided a very strong evidence that the frequency of texting doesn’t depend on the type of mobile phone. Thus, the researchers accepted the null hypothesis and it was proper to conclude that the type of mobile phone, smartphone and regular phone, has no significant effect on the frequency of texting. Discussions All the textual data were based on online articles. They were borrowed, read, analyzed, and summarized. The numerical data, which were gathered through a questionnaire, were summed up in a 22 table for a more concise and apprehensible look. However, they were originally summarized in a 24 table but to make it easier and faster to arrive to the answer, the researchers have chosen to just take those who text 1-5 and 6-10 times a day as one and the who text 11-15 and 16-20 times both in the row of smartphone and regular phone. There were approximately 12 % of the respondents who did not answer the questionnaire both intentionally and unintentionally but it did not stop the researchers from proceeding to the next step. Using the numerical data, and the Chi-Square Test of Independence as the statistical tool, the researchers computed for the degrees of freedom (DF), expected frequencies (Er,c) and test statistics (X2) . Er,c and X2 were rounded off to the nearest hundredths. The researchers used the Chi-Square Distribution table to find for the P-value which was found out to be 0.25. The null hypothesis, saying that the type of mobile phone has no significant effect on the frequency of texting, was accepted because the P-value was far higher than the significance level 0.05. Appendices Raw Data *Students who have mobile phone: 243 *Students who did not answer: 33 *Total population: 276 B. Statistical Computations Using the numerical data, the researchers computed for the degrees of freedom, expected frequencies, test statistic, and approximate P-value associated with the test statistic and degrees of freedom. Degrees of Freedom DF = (r 1) * (c 1) where r is the number of levels for one categorical variable, and c is the number of levels for the other categorical variable. DF = (r 1) * (c 1)=(2-1)*(2-1) =1 Expected Frequencies Er,c= (nr* nc) / n where Er,cis the expected frequency count for levelrof Variable A and levelcof Variable B, nris the total number of sample observations at level r of Variable A, ncis the total number of sample observations at levelcof Variable B, and n is the total sample size. Er,c= (nr* nc) / n E1,1=( 182*91)/243= 68.16 E1,2=( 182*152)/243=113.84 E2,1=( 61*91)/243=22.84 E2,2 =( 61*152)/243=38.16 Test Statisitics ÃŽ §2= ÃŽ £ [ (Or,c Er,c)2/ Er,c] where Or,cis the observed frequency count at levelrof Variable A and levelcof Variable B, and Er,cis the expected frequency count at levelrof Variable A and levelcof Variable B. ÃŽ §2= ÃŽ £ [ (Or,c Er,c)2/ Er,c] =(67-68.16)2/68.16+(115-113.84)2/113.84+(24-22.84)2/22.84+(37-38.16)2/38.16 =0.10+0.01+0.06+0.34 =0.51 P-value Using the Chi-Square Distribution Table The first higher value than the Test Statistics, going to the right, row of 1 as the DF, was 1.32, so looking up to its P-value in the uppermost cell of its column was equal 0.25. C. Questionnaire To all the Juniors and Seniors, This questionnaire is very much needed for the completion of our 3rd Grading Investigatory project. We ask for your active participation and honesty in answering the given questions. Thank you! Yours Truly, Group 2 of IV-2 Year and Section: How many are you in your classroom? Per column: 1. How many are you in your column? 2. Who are the students who own smartphones and non-smartphones? For number 2, follow the format below. Students with smartphones ( phones with access to internet, camera, etc.) Students with regular phone (phone intended for messaging and calling, w/o access to internet and do not consist of downloadable applications.) References Central Intelligence Agency(2011).The worldfactbook. Retrieved Sept., 14, 2014, from  https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development.  Pestle analysis. Retrieved from  http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/pestle-analysis.aspx Kumar, Dinesh(March 2012). An empirical study of brand preference of mobile phones among  college and university students. Lenhart, Amanda (2012). Teens, smartphones texting.Retrieved from  http://www.pewinternet.org/2012/03/19/teens-smartphones-texting/ Mika Husso (2011). Analysis of competition in the mobile phone markets of  the United States and Europe. http://epub.lib.aalto/ethesis/pdf/12638/hse_ethesis_12638.pdf.fi/en Nurullah, A.S. (2009). The cell phone as an agent of social change. Retrieved from  http://ualberta.academia.edu/AbuSadatNurullah/Papers/109273/The_Cell_Phone_as_an_Agent_of_Social_Change Sharma, S., Gopal, V., Sharama, R., Sharma, N.,(Eds.).(2012). Study on mobile phones brand pattern among the college students of Delhi-NCR.Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/monikakumari1971/a-study-on-mobile-phones-brand switching-pattern-among-the-college-students-of-delhincr-33612332631pb The Carphone Warehouse (2006). The mobile life youth report 2006: The impact of the mobile  phone on the lives of young people.Retrieved fromhttp://www.mobilelife2006.co. uk/

The Sound And The Fury (madison Scouts) :: essays research papers fc

The roar of extreme sound emanates from a football field. It is clear that this is not an ordinary high school marching band playing at a football game. These are Drum and Bugle Corps, boasting an instrumentation of all brass and percussion instruments. This arrangement of instruments can create an enormous amount of sound, sometimes louder than a rock music concert. Due to their thorough auditioning processes, they have a group of musicians, who can play extremely well, all of whom are brought together to entertain the crowds on their three month tour in the summer. Their goal is not just entertainment, but to end up on the top of the order when all is said and done at the championships. In 1972, several Drum and Bugle corps, who wanted to perform competitively against each other, embarked on a venture to create their own rules of performance. The original rules were set forth by the American Legion and Veterans of Foreign Wars posts, from whom competitive Drum Corps w!as given birth. The competing units had little to say in any modification of rules. From this new coalition, Drum Corps International (DCI) arose. The Madison Scouts, one of these charter members of DCI, were originally formed as a division of a Boy Scout troop in 1938, so that Madison would have their own Drum and Bugle Corps to resemble the Racine Scouts Corps. Each year 125 men, ages sixteen to twenty-one, come together for three months, practicing an average of eight hours every day in the summer, to put together the production for the coming competitive season. Each year the Madison Scouts thrill audiences with their talent and power, creativity, and an emphasis on entertainment to consistently become one of the crowds' favorite corps.Amazing us with the sound they can generate, the Madison Scouts are known as "The guys who can blow the corks right out of their spit valves". This is an unattainable feat, unless you are using tremendous amounts of air and pressure most professional players cannot do this. The Madison Scouts are noted for tapping into this unbridled power which their musicians possess. They utilize extreme variation in dynamic levels. Like adjusting the volume on a stereo, this is how loud and soft the ensemble gets as a whole. They create an atmosphere on the football field which draws in the audience. Their soprano bugles are renowned for pushing the limits of their playable range by not only playing high "C", but going further to play high "G" above high "C".

Working and Going to School

Working, parenting, and going to school are tough Is it possible to accomplish my goals and still meet everyday responsibilities? Working a full-time job, being a single parent, and going to college are emotionally draining. It’s stressful, frustrating, and hard to be positive at times when there are so many demands on time. Goals can be accomplished and still meet everyday responsibilities. Working, parenting, and going to school are tough. Working a full time job is demanding. Getting up early and working late is physically draining. Day to day responsibilities need to be met which adds stress. My job is physically demanding on a daily basis. I work in the service field where I work outside everyday in any kind of weather. Heavy lifting, climbing, completing the job at hand, all the while praying I go home safe and in one piece at the end of the day. â€Å"I was waiting tables, going nowhere,† said Lynch, 32, and a single mother of one. â€Å"I was in a rut for a long, long time. †(Brindley, 2006) Those statements made me think about what I’m doing to change my life for the better. A one income household requires that I drag my behind out of bed on a daily basis and do my job to the best of my ability in order to pay the bills. I’m a single parent of a 15 year old daughter whom I love very much. Being a single parent isn’t easy. The sole responsibility of a raising a child to be responsible and disciplined is entirely up to the single parent. I talk with my daughter on a regular basis about my assignments and what my grades are in my courses. She cheers for me when I get excellent scores on tests. I need all the motivation I can possibly get. Recently, my daughter sprained her foot at school and has been on crutches for the past two weeks. I’ve made changes to my daily schedule to accommodate her needs. She is in a walking cast now but still stubborn and demanding. She is a typical teenager that plans activities with her friends and needs Mom to get her where she needs to go. School and grades are a constant struggle with her. I can’t get through to her know it all head that doing her homework and studying for tests are a must to get decent grades. I see that if I am going to be a positive role model, going back to school and succeeding in my courses. (Seastrand, 2007) When her grades are down she has no privileges. That’s when Mom gets a break! She’s not much fun to be around during these times either. Attending online college courses is mentally and physically demanding. Staying organized isn’t an easy task. Organization is the key to your success. If you have no idea what assignments are due, what appointments at work or school are up ahead you will get more stressed which will make your GPA plummet. Keep your home organized with your textbooks in one spot, your bills and mail in another spot, etc. Patience and priorities are a necessity. Take the time to stay organized and don’t procrastinate. (Comments on: How to Manage School While Working, 2005) I’m constantly kicking my daughter off of the computer in order to get assignments done. Deadlines for assignments don’t change but need to be broken down into tasks on a daily basis to meet the deadlines. Attending college courses is stressful. The decision to start taking college courses and working towards my B. A. in Accounting was easy. â€Å"How was I going to pay for my education? † I applied for grants and loans for this year. I had to wait several months before I did get my approval after starting my courses. I can breathe a little easier now but I still have several more years in order to finish my degree. I am in the midst of checking into scholarships which will greatly help the financial needs of school. Re-organizing my schedule in order to complete assignments and study is an on-going struggle. â€Å"Will I be successful in my college courses and get good grades? † I’m constantly working on this and praying for the best. Being a single college mother is a hard win/win situation and the long term effects are most important. (Seastrand, 2007) Being a good example to my daughter and getting good grades on work is my motivation to keep going. Organization, communication, patience, and priorities are necessities and the keys to success. (Comments on: How to Manage School While Working, 2005). Here is one statement that really struck me and I hope it helps other students also. Most importantly, always believe YOU CAN DO IT! Becoming more educated will change your life. In the famous words of someone whose name I have forgotten: â€Å"It is never too late to be who you were meant to become. † Good luck, I’m pulling for you! (Comments on: How to Manage School While Working, 2005) Another insight was not listening to people who say what your doing will be â€Å"too hard. † Keep pushing through and before you know it your degree requirements will be satisfied and your child will be clapping for you on graduation day. Go easy on yourself and keep things as simple as possible. Rely on friends and family if need be. (Seastrand, 2007). Working a full time job, being a single parent, and going to college are all very stressful but goals can be accomplished with organization and patience. References Brindley, M. (2006, November). Going back to college made easier for single parents hoping to improve their lives. Comments on: How to Manage School While Working (2005, 22 November). Seastrand, A. , (2007, April). What’s a Mom to Do? College Mom Magazine

A Proposed Computerized Payroll System Essay

Chapter I INTRODUCTION Electricity is a naturally occurring force that exists everywhere and it is used to power many things that are used in our everyday life. Without electricity, people’s lives would be very different and in many cases more difficult. There are many ways to generate electricity; one way in producing electricity is the use of solar cells. Solar cells or photovoltaic cells are made of semiconductor materials such as silicon and designed to convert light energy into electrical energy by the photovoltaic effect. Photovoltaic effect is the basic physical process through which a solar cell converts light into electricity. Light is one of the most abundant forms of energies and by using this energy in a proper way an eco-friendly form of energy can be produced. When light energy strikes, it absorbs photons of light and releases electrons these free electrons then forms an electric current that can be used to power a load. According to The World Factbook, the world has over 5 billion mob ile phone users. In the Philippines alone, there are 92,227,000 mobile cellular telephone subscribers, placing the country in the 11th position of most number of mobile phone users in the year 2010. This fact shows that mobile phones are essential therefore the batteries are needed to be charged and one way to charge it, is through solar energy. For its commercial purpose, the solar powered mobile phone charger is designed to have a coin timer that will recognize the coin to activate the timer and the mobile phone charger. The time that it will take for the mobile phone to charge depends on the amount of money that will be inserted in the device. Through this, the materials used for the machine, like the solar calls, will be recovered. The convenience of the machine lies in its capability to be installed either indoor or outdoor locations as long as there is light that can be absorbed by the photovoltaic cells. Background of the Study From the survey given randomly to some students and employee’s most of them frequently use†¦. try dn to.. From the survey that was gathered, most people frequently usetheir mobile phones and sometimes forget to charge their phones at home; such causes them to run out of battery charge when they need  to use it outside, especially in emergency purposes. The places where they need to charge their phones the most in case of emergency are schools, hospital, mall, offices, bus stations and other terminals. For the past years, a mobile phone charger coin-operated machine already exists in the Philippines and this was stated from the article of Rey Gamboa from Philippine Star. However, this machine is usually available on public and indoor places like Ministop and 7-eleven and are powered by power grids. Therefore, the proposed design is a mobile phone charger vending machine that uses solar cells to produce electricity that will power the device without the need for outlet plugging(the power in the outlet†¦ try to†¦ ). It can be used on both indoors and outdoors as long as light is available.It may also payback the expense of the material used and the good thing is that the time span of a solar cell is about 30 years according to the studies done in 2007 by International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management. It may also payback the expenses for the materials used in having solar cells and it has a time span of more than thirty years according to the studies of the International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management in the year of 2007. trydn†¦ Statement of the Problem This project study dealt in the development of using free energy caused by light that produces electricity for the mobile phone charger. This form of transforming energy will help lessen the environmental problem such as pollution, global warming, acid rain or smog.At the same time, it paybacks the causeof the solar cells itself by using it as a solar powered mobile phone chargervending machine. The study specifically aims to answer the following questions: 1. What type and how many solar cells are needed to produce electricity that is enough to power the mobile phone charger vending machine? 2. How to design the power supply circuit necessary to power the mobile phone charger vending machine? 3. What is the position and alignment of the solar cells and also the time in which it can produce electricity efficiently? 4. How to design and develop the mobile phone charger circuit that can accommodate 2 units of mobile phones? 5. Howlong is the payback time in using solar cells to power t he mobile phone charger vending machine? Objectives of the Study The researchers’ main objective is to design and develop a solar powered mobile phone charger vending machinethat can maximize the profit of the investors that operates it. This means that this device can be installed in any areas as long as the solar cells can be exposed to sunlight which will eliminate the need of an outlet.In order to address the main objective, the following also need to be achieved: 1. To determine the type and number of solar cells needed to produce electricity that is enough to power the mobile phone charger vending machine. 2. To design the power supply circuit necessary to power the mobile phone charger vending machine. 3. To determine the position and alignment of the solar cells and also the time in which it can produce electricity efficiently. 4. To design and develop the mobile phone charger circuit that can accommodate 2 units of mobile phone. 5. To determine thepayback time in using solar cells to power the mobile phone charger vending machine. Significance of the Study People who are using mobile phones frequently are the main recipients of the benefits in this study. The need of people to charge their mobile phone because of work, emergency, or any other condition will lead them to find a mobile phone charging station. Hence, a mobile phone charging station that is powered by light energy will be a good way to harness energy from light efficiently and productively. For the environment, the device uses only the photons of light to produce electricity which means that it doesn’t need to be plugged into a power source. It can also be used inside anenclosed area where there is artificial light like bulbs or fluorescent light. However, for higher gain of electricity and efficiency it is recommended to harness sunlight’s energy because it is brighter than any other artificial light that is common in commercial and public areas. For the investors, after the device is produced, it in itself will produce electricity for it to work. Consequently,the device doesn’t need intensive maintenance, and the cost of maintenance will be less. For the future researchers, energy sources has so many forms; the way of harnessing it to its’ full potential is the only difference. This device is an example of harnessing light energy in a way that will help the producer, consumer and environment. This will help future researchers to think of topics that will not only benefit one party, but all  those who are going be involved or affected by their proposed project. For the researcher, this device is another innovation in the field of harnessing solar energy. This simply shows that solar energy can be used as an alternative source of energy in many ways. Scope and Limitations of the Study The researchers’ main concern is to design a solar powered mobile phone charger vending machine that is efficient on harnessing solar energy and can convert it to electrical energy to charge mobile phones. The device must be economically sound in a way that when it has achieved its payback period, the only thing that must be put into concern is the cost of maintenance. Since solar cells are easy to maintain, the maintenance cost is not high. The devices’ main part is the power supply that will act as the source of electricity for the device. Solar cells effective life span is 25-30 years, which makes it a very good alternative source of energy for the device to work. To design the devices’ main part, the position and slope of the solar cells must be considered depending on the location where it will be installed so that the solar cells can produce the maximum amount of electricity. This is because the amount of electricity that a solar cell can produce depends on the intensity of sunlight that is being absorbed within the semiconductor material. The number of solar cells must also be enough to produce electricity that is needed to power the device. The rated total power output of all the solar cells must also be sufficient for the mobile phone vending machine. It must also be placed on top of a roof or any high position so that shadowing, vandalism and stealing can be prevented. A battery will serve as a storage device so that the electricity that will be generated by the solar cells will be stored whenever it is not in use and the electricity that will charge the mobile phones will be constant and not fluctuate. The power supply circuit will regulate the voltage and current to its rated value that the mobile phone charger vending machine needs. The devices’ second main part is the mobile phone charger vending machine. This is composed of a mechanism that recognizes the coin that is inserted and starts the process of charging the mobile phone and also the timer. It recognizes the diameter, thickness and weight of the coin so that it can distinguish the value of the coin. The timer is programmed to start whenever a coin is inserted and it depends on the value of the coin that is inserted  on how many minutes the timer will countdown. At the same time, the charger will start charging the mobile phone until the timer ends the countdown. The devices’ third main part is the mobile phone charger circuit. This charger can charge multiple mobile phones at the same time. It is composed of different plug-ins that is commonly used for the user to choose of the plug-in that fits in his/her mobile phone. It is operated by the timer so when the timer starts to countdown, it starts to get electricity from the power supply. Theamount of voltage and current output that is needed to charge the mobile phones is suitable for nearly all brands of mobile phones. Limitations of the study The device is subjected to the following limitations: 1. In outdoors, the device only operates during daytime, approximately 6:30am – 5:30pm depending on the location as long as sunlight is available. 2. It can also be used inside a mall or commercial area that has artificial lighting system,however the amount of electricity that the solar cell can produce is not as high compared to what sunlightcan produce. 3. The plug-in that will be used to charge the mobile phones are those of Nokia. 4. Since the device only recognizes 1Php and 5Php, it can only be used in the Philippines. 5. It cannot be used outdoors when sunlight is not present specifically during rainy days or in cases when the clouds are very gloomy. 6. It cannot be used outdoors when there is a natural catastrophe or disaster. 7. The researchers will not consider the charging time of the Deep cycle battery. 8. The researcher will not consider if the mobile phone user doesn’t ends the countdown of charging his/her mobile phone.

Art Design for the Web Essay

Graphic/Art Design for the Web Essay Graphic/Art Design for the Web Essay Graphic/Art Design for the Web Roy Lichtenstein Roy Lichtenstein is the main founders of Pop Art in the United State born in 1923. He has Learning landscape drawing when he was young, later he keen on American abstract expressionist painting Creation Research. In the early 1960s he adapted from the U.S. to the contents of advertisements for comics for the pop art creations, this makes him almost became famous overnight. In 1970 he used in print outlets like "point" style used more in the creation of other subjects. After this he became the most influential artists of the art scene in the Twentieth century. He was created with the abstract expressionist painting style in pop art. Art works feature The most characteristic of Roy Lichtenstein’ artworks were his used 1950s American comics as a creative theme for his paintings. In this type of artworks, He caricature copy and zoom in to the canvas, also using a large number of outlets to express the modern large-scale industrial printing results, in his artworks has the bright color screen, but looks simple, showing his unique pop style. Whaam! Roy Lichtenstein Whaam! 1963 Acrylic and oil on canvas Support: 1727 x 4064 mm frame: 1747 x 4084 x 60 mm American comics, common theme American pop artist will usually appear on television or print media, some of the public familiar visual image as an important element in the creation of pop art. Everyday things can become common pop artists’ creative source. But Roy Lichtenstein is more interest on printed paper. He selected American comics as a creative basis in print paper. He should combined the ordinary things in everyday life and art, he selected the way of using traditional painting comic to replication and amplification to create his unique style of pop art. Whaam is an artwork selected from a set of American comics to zoom out. There are two consecutive pictures of this artwork: the first one is an enemy fighter to shoot the scene, the second one is depicting â€Å"Whaam!" which is the enemy was hit scene; At this time he painted in bright red color flat tail like the launch around the flames, its presenting a picture of the bloody terror blast. When this painting was exhibited first time in New York, it won the audience's strong reaction. In this way, the familiar American comics are reinterpreted through Roy Lichtenstein on the canvas; he said: The theme for the commercial art is pop art painting, so his artworks shows the common theme with a simple and direct visual images, he used this way to make some of the simple narrative comic such the storytelling that exists in order caricature into the shelves Art collections in the museum for asking people to watch carefully. Girl with Ball by Roy Lichtenstein Print outlets -personalized approach As we can see in Roy Lichtenstein’s artworks is always use the print outlets as an important means of artistic expression. It has also become a distinctive creative personality for his future. The raw material of the Girl with Ball by Roy Lichtenstein is derived from a holiday advertising works; he used those uniformly with black specks as being sunbathing woman's skin tone. In his artwork the image processing

I heard a Fly buzz-when I died Essays

I heard a Fly buzz-when I died Essays I heard a Fly buzz-when I died Paper I heard a Fly buzz-when I died Paper The death in Emily Dickinsons poem I heard a Fly buzz-when I died is painless but striking. The appearance of the fly is startling at first because it is unexpected. The setting of the poem is the speakers death bed, what is an ordinary fly doing there? Obviously the speaker is waiting to die, she (if I may give the speaker a gender) has willed my Keepsakes-Signed away What portion of me be Assignable-. [lines 9-11] She appears to have accepted her death but is waiting for something amazing to happen.The room is quiet but with a sense of anticipation The Stillness in the Room Was like the Stillness in the Air-Between the Heaves of Storm-. There is a peaceful atmosphere yet death is the storm to come. The reader senses that the speaker and mourners are expecting some spectacular event at the moment of her death. The Eyes around-had wrung them dry-And Breaths were gathering firm For that last Onset-when the King Be witnessed-in the Room-. [lines 5-8] This stanza suggests that the mourn ers have ceased crying and were now waiting to witness something incredible when the speaker dies. Last onset is an oxymoron; onset means a beginning, and last means an end.For Christians, death is the beginning of eternal life, death brings revelation, when God or the nature of eternity becomes known. The King could be a reference to God, perhaps they are expecting the hand of God to reach down and spirit her away to Heaven. This suspense filled moment is interrupted by a buzzing fly who seems to be unaware of the grim situation. The fly is doing what a fly does, unaffected by the speakers death. We consider the fly to be inconsequential, while the fly does not think about us at all. Its life does not stop because the speaker was dying, in fact the fly does not even notice. The speaker and mourners see the fly and believe that it has caused them to miss the moment of her death when in actuality there was nothing to see. There is no large flash of light or supernatural event, just t he simple buzzing of a fly.The speaker says There interposed a fly-With Blue-uncertain, stumbling Buzz-Between the light-and me-And then the Windows failed-and then I could not see to see. [lines 12-16] While she and the mourners were waiting for some miraculous occurrence this fly distracted them and they missed the moment of her death. But they didnt realize that in the end there was nothing to see. Our death is natural, we die just like every other living being on the planet. It is the one moment where we return to nature and are no better or worse than the rest of the animals. This reinforces that death, even the death of a human, is a simple passing. Nature accepts the dead and continues, as it has done from the beginning of time. The central image in this poem is not the speaker, whose death we are witnessing, but the fly. The presence of the fly symbolizes nature and affirms that each death is of equal significance in the eyes of the earth.Emily Dickinsons portrayal of Death in Because I could not stop for Death is that of a gentleman caller. She personifies Death as a guide, leading her on a journey through life, each passing scene represents a different stage. We passed the School, where Children strove At Recess-in the Ring [lines 9-12] depicts childhood, We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain- portrays maturity, and We passed the Setting Sun-Or rather-He passed Us- represents the grave. The ride reflects the natural progression of the speakers life in an un-threatening manner. The speaker does not seem to fear Death, she accepts his invitation with no dismay or trepidation.Because I could not stop for Death-He kindly stopped for me- shows how Death appears to have done the speaker a favor. It also describes Death as kind instead of ghastly or hideous, the way we normally think of him. The Carriage held but just Ourselves And Immortality is a telling line. The capitalization of immortality and the fact that it has its own line in the first stanza empha sizes the importance of the third passenger. It indicates the immortality of death, that death is the one thing that is eternal. The carriage ride is slow, giving the speaker ample time to adjust to her death. After passing the children, the fields of grain, and the setting sun, the carriage passes a house. We slowly drove-He knew no hasteAnd I had put away My labor and my leisure too, For His Civility-. [lines 5-8] The speaker envisions Death as a person she trusted or believed that she could trust. Clearly there has been no deception on his part. They drive in a leisurely manner, and she feels completely at ease. She is therefore quite willing to put aside her work. We paused before a House that seemed A swelling of the Ground-The Roof was scarcely visible-The Cornice-in the Ground- [lines 17-20] The description of the house that seemed to protrude out of the ground, the roof scarcely visible, brings to mind a grave sinking into the earth. The last stanza suggests the speaker is r emembering the ride centuries later. Since then-t is centuries-and yet Feels shorter than the Day I first surmised the Horses Heads Were toward Eternity. [lines 21-24] She recalls the drive in vivid detail although it occurred long ago.The moment she realized the horses were carrying her toward eternity is fresh in her mind as if it happened yesterday. This stanza displays an atmosphere of timelessness, the eternity of death. There is a supernatural quality to the fourth stanza, especially the last three lines. The Dews drew quivering and chill-For only Gossamer, my Gown-My Tippet-only Tulle-. [lines 16-18] The speaker shivers as she is chilled by the Dew, her Gown and Tippet (a cape) are made of Gossamer (a cobweb) and Tulle. Tulle is a fine net usually used for veils and is transparent, which conveys an ethereal quality. In this stanza it begins to get cold, reflecting the passing from life into death. This poem portrays death as something not to fear, as another journey.I felt a Funeral, in my Brain is about another kind of death, the death of the mind or soul. Its a record of a mental collapse, told after its happened, it traces the speakers descent into madness. The speaker uses a funeral as a metaphor for the part of her that is dying. And Mourners to and fro Kept treading-treading-till it seemed That Sense was breaking through-. [lines 2-4] The mourners represent the agitation the speaker feels, the constant pacing of thoughts back and forth in her mind. The last line makes it possible to think that the frenzied thoughts in her head were eventually beginning to make sense. In the second stanza the drum replaces the monotonous tone of the mourners, driving the speaker further toward the edge of insanity.And when they all were seated, A Service, like a Drum-Kept beating-beating-till I thought My Mind was going numb-. [lines 5-8] The speaker has begun to feel deadened here by the repetitive beat of the drum. But as we move into the third stanza something r evives her mind into action again. And then I heard them lift a Box And creak across my Soul With those same Boots of Lead, again, Then Space-began to toll,. [lines 9-12] Perhaps the sound of her minds coffin being lifted to be put in the grave woke the speaker out of her trance. She begins to return to the frantic desperation of ideas racing around her head, which along with the Boots of Lead appear to be weighing her down.The fourth stanza continues the poems building of tension, As all the Heavens were a Bell, And Being, but an Ear, And I, and Silence, some strange Race Wrecked, solitary, here-. [lines 13-16] Whatever the speaker means by Being, she does not include herself in that category, for she ; Silence, some strange Race are Wrecked, solitary, here. That line suggests a shipwreck, making one think of 2 sailors lost on a deserted isle. Through stanzas one to 4 the speaker has moved from the claustrophobic environment of the funeral to the immeasurable environment of sound.A nd then a Plank in Reason, broke, And I dropped down, and down-And hit a World, at every plunge, And Finished knowing-then-. [lines 17-20] In the fifth stanza the speaker uses the metaphor of standing on a plank or board over a precipice, to describe the her descent into insanity. She falls past worlds, losing her connections to reality. This is the final stop on the speakers road to madness, her mind has completely snapped. This poem describes a persons journey through a mental breakdown. The speaker is both observer of the funeral and participant, indicating that the Self is divided, by the end of the poem, the Self has shattered into pieces.These three poems have one obvious theme in common, death. I heard a Fly buzz-when I died examines the nature of death, what people expect to encounter when they die. Human beings believe we are special, superior to the other animals and that our deaths should be treated with more reverence. We forget that humans are animals and we are all a p art of the same family. Our deaths are no more or less significant than the other animals.Death is natural. Because I could not stop for Death teaches us that death is not to be feared, it is not an end to life but the beginning of a new journey. Death should not be sought after but neither should it be something to afraid of. In I felt a Funeral, in my Brain is a little different. While it portrays a persons mental collapse, it also shows that the death of the mind or sanity is nothing to fear. Once you pass that breakdown, get through the madness, your mind is free. Only by giving in to it can you truly be sane.

A Brief Biography of Ted Bundy

In the 1970s, terrorist incidents shocked the United States. More and more girls students suddenly disappeared. While searching for a serial killer, the agent does not seem to be able to find a link to those who carry out all these terrible acts. The similarity of the victims shows that some people are wisely supporting these events. But when he got caught, the United States learned that not all serial killers fit a particular image. Ted Bundy, which is said to be very smart and interesting by many people, spreads his fears throughout America by targeting and killing young women; his future behavior Ted Bundy's biography Ted Bundy is one of the worst continuous killers ever. His antisocial personality and spiritual illness made him feel scared all over the country. After all, Ted left a series of bloody killings including the deaths of 36 young women and crossed the four states. The biggest problem in the hearts of many people is that if people like Bondi are very smart, very clever and praised, he will do such a thing. - Terrorist attacks shocked the United States in the 1970s. More and more girls students suddenly disappeared. While searching for a serial killer, the agent does not seem to be able to find a link to those who carry out all these terrible acts. The similarity of the victims shows that some people are wisely supporting these events. But when he was caught, the United States learned that not all serial killers are consistent with a particular image. Through the history of Tide Bondi, criminal investigators encountered various forms of serial killers. One of the many famous serial killers of the 20th century was Theodore Robert Bundy (Ted Bundy). Ted Bundy is responsible for killing more than Chi Omega. When people think about continuous killers they imagine people who are dirty, crazy, personal and outstanding from others. In the case of Ted, this is not the case. Ted Bondi is a very intelligent person who attended college. Ted Bundy 2 Ted Bundy: Personality comparison between Rollo May and Albert Bandura's theory The purpose of this case study is to test the personality of Ted Bundy, one of the most notorious serial killers of modern history. It is said that Ted Bundy insulted and tortured and killed at least 50 women. The possibilities are higher, but real numbers will never be known. Because Ted Bondi refused to keep the real number of his victims and inform the authorities about the exact things.

Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Analysis - Case Study Example The section discusses how the unrelated strategy of the UTC adds value to the company. Unrelated diversification is important in enabling companies reap benefits from a central management. UTC ensures that its business gain value by auditing their strengths and weaknesses through its elaborate Total Quality Management strategy. The parent corporation ensures that its businesses are operating optimally. For example, the case of elevator failures in Japan was effectively solved through TQM. A parent corporation is objective in identifying failures in its businesses and thus is efficient in finding solutions. Unrelated diversification also offers UTC strategic advantage of identifying the best practices for its companies to mitigate business risks. The situation implies that the corporation can use strategies that have succeeded in one of its business to run another business. Also, the corporation learns for the strategies that have failed in several businesses to avoid them in the future. The result is a more successful and valuable business. For example, UTC uses TQM as its main approach to avoid product failures. The strategy worked well or elevator problems in Japan; hence, the corporation documented it as one of its best practices. As noted above, UTCs best practices are transferred to all its companies. UTC has employed several process disciplines and an elaborate research and development. Also, the corporation benefits from diverse skills and competencies across different industries. These competencies enable UTC to internally manage the human resources, across all its companies. Top performers can be sent to failing companies to improve their prospects. According to Duhaime, Stimpert & Chesley (2012), unrelated diversification allows corporations to invest in business that have little or no process technologies that can result in synergies. The reason or this is that businesses operate in different industries, and hence there are not similarities

Introduction to Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Introduction to Supply Chain Management - Essay Example They claimed that the quality of the parts they have been receiving from the outsourcing company were not up to standards. Inventory was then packed with products that were no longer of use to Boeing, losing them millions of dollars. Further investigations revealed that the outsourcing company wasn’t being watched over as closely as the engineers and companies throughout the country. Boeings main reason for outsourcing revolved around revenue purposes. The report finds that inventory product quality, as well as quantity supply is crucial within organizations and can cause a lot of problems if not watched and dealt with carefully. It is recommended that: the battery is dramatically improved by watching the quality of the parts inserted; Boeing launch and promote a campaign assuring non-faulty batteries; and resumes are looked over again by company officials. The limitations that may occur are that a product such as an airplane may require off shoring because some expertise exists only in foreign countries. Also, while there is nothing necessarily wrong with off shoring, the cultural and language differences as well as physical distances can add to the supply chain risks. Boeing is one of the major companies in the world that manufactures defense and commercial jetliners and security and space system. The company is faceted into two major business entities: the Boeing Space and Security and the Commercial airplane (Hiltzik, 2011). In addition, its other products are electronics, weapons satellites, defense system, military aircraft, systems of information and communication that are advanced et cetera. The company is not only one of the leading exporters of the US but also have connection with customers in the various countries of operation (approximately more than 150 nations). The company’s headquarters is in Chicago and it provides employment opportunities to approximately 180,000 individuals in the US and other nations

Recycled Toothbrushes Make Sense Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Recycled Toothbrushes Make Sense - Essay Example It can further cut on logistics costs by collaborating with Stonyfield Farm in the procurement and disposal of the used yogurt containers. Secondly, some people usually do not prefer to use toothbrushes made out of recycled stuff, perhaps because of the reasons of hygiene and the sense of aversion associated with toothbrushes made out of recycled plastic. Recycline could enhance the conversion rate to its toothbrushes by telling its customers that they are made of food grade recycled plastic originating from the yogurt packaging of a credible food company like Stonyfield Farm. Besides Stonyfield is an already established brand. Recycline’s association with it will definitely add to its brand value. 2. Hudson is already procuring the raw material from Stonyfield Farm. It could place the advertisements at the stores selling Stonyfield products with catchy slogans like â€Å"Waste nothing, go green, and let your yogurt container be your toothbrush.† If Stonyfield Farm allo ws Hudson to do so, he could easily convert a big segment of Stonyfield’s customers to its products, without making significant investments. Stonyfield Farm also stands to gain from this move, as it will strengthen its green credentials.

Oil Prices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Oil Prices - Essay Example The oil market has highly inelastic demand and supply especially in the short run mainly because there are a few if any substitutes for it. Scientists have attempted tirelessly to create solar and CNG run cars and there has been an attempt to harness nuclear power at all levels of the industrial use. Oil supply is also inelastic because of the cost of the refining and infrastructure costs incurred by the crude oil suppliers to make the oil marketable. Also associated are the costs of maintaining such infrastructure because the cost of infrastructure remains constant regardless of any output. For example when in 1973 the OPEC cartel announced a US-Israel Boycott there was a reduced supply in the overall oil output therefore for any given price level, there would be lesser oil supplied. Natural causes like earth quakes or war situations also have a significant effect on oil supply. An example is the recent disaster of the Hurricane Katrina which affected production in the Gulf of Mexico. More so the increasing industrial demand for oil in the third world countries is also a factor in the rising oil prices. In the following diagram at any given level of price, more oil is demanded and the price increases. However with regard to oil prices in the long term there are other factors at play. The long term demand and supply of oil are very much elastic. Long term demand is likely to change if the oil shortage is constant. A short term disaster may change consumer behaviour temporarily but in the long term if the supply remains short constantly the following might happen; People might start adopting to the shortage by using more fuel efficient cars, using CNG,solar power or even nuclear power. At the industrial level nuclear power or coal power can replace oil powered generators.These are slow changes but have permanent long term effects on the demand of oil. There might be increased oil exploration in areas where previously it was too difficult to start wells. This may be because a supplier is restricting the oil supply. The effect of finding new oil fields will be to break already established cartels or oligopolies. There is not just one answer to the reasons behind the rising real oil prices.This has become an issue much influenced by war and politics.The demand and supply factors are very much influential in the short term but in the long term the consumption trends and investment are greater reasons for the shifts in the demand and supp

Comparative Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Comparative Law - Essay Example Political arguments about gun rights fall into two basic categories, first, does the government have the authority to regulate guns, and second, if it does, is it effective public policy to regulate guns? (Spitzer, 1995). Gun debate refers to a continuing political and social debate concerning both the constraint and accessibility of firearms within the United States. It has been among the most controversial and intractable issues in  American politics. The debate has been distinguished by an impasse between an individual right to bear arms based on the  second amendment  and the accountability of government to avert crime, preserve order and protect the welfare of its residents. The right to own a gun and defend oneself is considered by some as a central tenet of the  American identity (Spitzer, 1995). The two early state court cases,  Bliss  and  Buzzard, set the debate in interpreting the Second Amendment, i.e. whether it protected an Individual Right or a Collective Right and occupied the American legal experts thinking for years to come .A debate about how to interpret the Second Amendment evolved through the decades and remained unresolved until the 2008  District of Columbia v. Heller  U.S. Supreme Court decision (Cornell , 2006). ... Gun rights groups maintain that bans on the sale of certain types of weapons have not proved effective in reducing violent crime, and that proposals for stricter background checks at gun shows are designed to eliminate gun shows themselves. Some gun manufacturers have volunteered support for safety locks, but the NRA has criticized safety locks for placing an undue burden on gun manufacturers without a proven benefit to the public (Crothers, 2003). The first category, collectively known as rights-based arguments, consist of Second Amendment arguments, state constitution arguments, right of self-defense arguments, and security against tyranny and invasion arguments. Public policy arguments, the second category of arguments, revolve around the importance of a militia, the reduction of gun violence and firearm deaths, and also can include arguments regarding security against foreign invasions. On June 26, 2008, in  District of Columbia v. Heller,  the United States Supreme Court aff irmed, by a 5-4 vote, the decision of the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals. This decision struck down the D.C. gun law. It also clarifies the scope of the  Second Amendment to the United States Constitution, stating that it stipulates an individual  right  irrespective of membership in a militia. However, the court made it clear that like other rights, the right to bear arms is not without limitations, leaving open the prospect of governmental regulation. The decision declined to rule on the  incorporation  of the Second Amendment, leaving its applicability to the states unsettled "While the status of the Second Amendment within the twentieth-century incorporation debate is a matter of importance for the many challenges to state gun control laws, it is an issue that we need not

Recycled Toothbrushes Make Sense Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Recycled Toothbrushes Make Sense - Essay Example It can further cut on logistics costs by collaborating with Stonyfield Farm in the procurement and disposal of the used yogurt containers. Secondly, some people usually do not prefer to use toothbrushes made out of recycled stuff, perhaps because of the reasons of hygiene and the sense of aversion associated with toothbrushes made out of recycled plastic. Recycline could enhance the conversion rate to its toothbrushes by telling its customers that they are made of food grade recycled plastic originating from the yogurt packaging of a credible food company like Stonyfield Farm. Besides Stonyfield is an already established brand. Recycline’s association with it will definitely add to its brand value. 2. Hudson is already procuring the raw material from Stonyfield Farm. It could place the advertisements at the stores selling Stonyfield products with catchy slogans like â€Å"Waste nothing, go green, and let your yogurt container be your toothbrush.† If Stonyfield Farm allo ws Hudson to do so, he could easily convert a big segment of Stonyfield’s customers to its products, without making significant investments. Stonyfield Farm also stands to gain from this move, as it will strengthen its green credentials.

Comparative Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Comparative Law - Essay Example Political arguments about gun rights fall into two basic categories, first, does the government have the authority to regulate guns, and second, if it does, is it effective public policy to regulate guns? (Spitzer, 1995). Gun debate refers to a continuing political and social debate concerning both the constraint and accessibility of firearms within the United States. It has been among the most controversial and intractable issues in  American politics. The debate has been distinguished by an impasse between an individual right to bear arms based on the  second amendment  and the accountability of government to avert crime, preserve order and protect the welfare of its residents. The right to own a gun and defend oneself is considered by some as a central tenet of the  American identity (Spitzer, 1995). The two early state court cases,  Bliss  and  Buzzard, set the debate in interpreting the Second Amendment, i.e. whether it protected an Individual Right or a Collective Right and occupied the American legal experts thinking for years to come .A debate about how to interpret the Second Amendment evolved through the decades and remained unresolved until the 2008  District of Columbia v. Heller  U.S. Supreme Court decision (Cornell , 2006). ... Gun rights groups maintain that bans on the sale of certain types of weapons have not proved effective in reducing violent crime, and that proposals for stricter background checks at gun shows are designed to eliminate gun shows themselves. Some gun manufacturers have volunteered support for safety locks, but the NRA has criticized safety locks for placing an undue burden on gun manufacturers without a proven benefit to the public (Crothers, 2003). The first category, collectively known as rights-based arguments, consist of Second Amendment arguments, state constitution arguments, right of self-defense arguments, and security against tyranny and invasion arguments. Public policy arguments, the second category of arguments, revolve around the importance of a militia, the reduction of gun violence and firearm deaths, and also can include arguments regarding security against foreign invasions. On June 26, 2008, in  District of Columbia v. Heller,  the United States Supreme Court aff irmed, by a 5-4 vote, the decision of the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals. This decision struck down the D.C. gun law. It also clarifies the scope of the  Second Amendment to the United States Constitution, stating that it stipulates an individual  right  irrespective of membership in a militia. However, the court made it clear that like other rights, the right to bear arms is not without limitations, leaving open the prospect of governmental regulation. The decision declined to rule on the  incorporation  of the Second Amendment, leaving its applicability to the states unsettled "While the status of the Second Amendment within the twentieth-century incorporation debate is a matter of importance for the many challenges to state gun control laws, it is an issue that we need not

Mayanmar Army Essay Example for Free

Mayanmar Army Essay Introduction 1.The Myanmar Army (Tatmadaw Kyee in local language) is the land component of the Military of Myanmar. The Myanmar Army is the largest branch of the Armed Forces of Myanmar and has the primary responsibility of conducting land-based military operations. The Myanmar Army maintains the second largest active force in Southeast Asia after Vietnams Vietnam Peoples Army. 2.The Myanmar Army has a troop strength around 492,000. The army has rich combat experience in fighting insurgents in rough terrains, considering it has been conducting non-stop counter-insurgency operations against ethnic and political insurgents since its inception in 1948. 3.The force is headed by the Commander in Chief (Army), currently Vice Senior General Maung Aye. The highest rank in the Myanmar Army is Senior General, equivalent to Field Marshal position in Western Armies and is currently held by Senior General Than Shwe. The defence budget of the Myanmar Military is 7.07 billion US dollars. 4.Defence Policy of Myanmar Tatmadaw was formally declared in February, 1999. The declared policy outlined the doctrine of total peoples defence for the Union of Myanmar. Threats to the national unity, territorial integrity and sovereign independence of the Union of Myanmar are the most important security objectives and considered as threats to the security of state. In the process of formulating Defence Policy and Military Doctrine from a strategic perspective, Tatmadaw has undergone three phases. History 5.First phase (post-independence/civil war era).The first phase of the doctrine was developed in early 1950s to cope with external threats from more powerful enemies with a strategy of Strategic Denial under conventional warfare. The perception of threats to state security was more external than internal threats. The internal threat to state security was managed through the use of a mixture of force and political persuasion. Lieutenant Colonel Maung Maung drew up defence doctrine based on conventional warfare concepts, with large infantry divisions, armoured brigades, tanks and motorised war with mass mobilisation for the war effort being the important element of the doctrine. The objective was to contain the offensive of the invading forces at the border for at least three months, while waiting for the arrival of international forces, similar to the police action by international intervention forces under the directive of United Nations during the war on Korean peninsula. However, the conventional strategy under the concept of total war was undermined by the lack of appropriate command and control system, proper logistical support structure, sound economic bases and efficient civil defence organisations. At the beginning of 1950s, while Tatmadaw was able to reassert its control over most part of the country, Kuomintang (KMT) troops under General Li Mai, with support from United States, invaded Myanmar and used the countrys frontier as a springboard for attack against Peoples Republic of China, which in turn became the external threat to state security and sovereignty of Myanmar. The first phase of the doctrine was tested for the first time in Operation Naga Naing in February 1953 against invading KMT forces. The doctrine did not take into account logistic and political support for KMT from United States and as a result it failed to deliver the objectives and ended in humiliating defeat for the Tatmadaw. The then Tatmadaw leadership argued that the excessive media coverage was partly to blame for the failure of Operation Naga Naing. For example, Brigadier General Maung Maung pointed out that newspapers, such as the Nation, carried reports detailing the training and troops positioning, even went as far to the name and social background of the commanders who are leading the operation thus losing the element of surprise. Colonel Saw Myint, who was second in command for the operation, also complained about the long lines of communications and the excessive pressure imposed upon the units for public relations activities in order to prove that the support of the people was behind the operation. 6.Second phase (KMT invasion/BSPP era).Despite failure, Tatmadaw continued to rely on this doctrine until the mid 1960s. The doctrine was under constant review and modifications throughout KMT invasion and gained success in anti-KMT operations in the mid and late 1950s. However, this strategy became increasingly irrelevant and unsuitable in the late 1950s as the insurgents and KMT changed their positional warfare strategy to hit-and-run guerrilla warfare. At the 1958 Tatmadaws annual Commanding Officers (COs) conference, Colonel Kyi Win submitted a report outlining the requirement for new military doctrine and strategy. He stated that Tatmadaw did not have a clear strategy to cope with insurgents, even though most of Tatmadaws commanders were guerrilla fighters during the anti-British and Japanese campaigns during the Second World War, they had very little knowledge of anti-guerrilla or counterinsurgency warfare. Based upon Colonel Kyi Wins report, Tatmadaw begin developing an appropriate military doctrine and strategy to meet the requirements of counterinsurgency warfare. 7.This second phase of the doctrine was to suppress insurgency with peoples war and the perception of threats to state security was more of internal threats. During this phase, external linkage of internal problems and direct external threats were minimised by the foreign policy based on isolation. It was common view of the commanders that unless insurgency was suppressed, foreign interference would be highly probable, therefore counterinsurgency became the core of the new military doctrine and strategy. Beginning in 1961, the Directorate of Military Training took charge the research for national defence planning, military doctrine and strategy for both internal and external threats. This included reviews of international and domestic political situations, studies of the potential sources of conflicts, collection of information for strategic planning and defining the possible routes of foreign invasion.[1]. In 1962, as part of new military doctrine planning, principles of anti-guerrilla warfare were outlined and counterinsurgency-training courses were delivered at the training schools. The new doctrine laid out three potential enemies and they are internal insurgents, historical enemies with roughly an equal strength (i.e. Thailand), and enemies with greater strength. It states that in suppressing insurgencies, Tatmadaw must be trained to conduct long-range penetration with a tactic of continuous search and destroy. Reconnaissance, Ambush and all weather day and night offensive and attack capabilities along with winning the hearts and minds of people are important parts of anti-guerrilla warfare. For countering an historical enemy with equal strength, Tatmadaw should fight a conventional warfare under total war strategy, without giving up an inch of its territory to the enemy. For powerful enemy and foreign invaders, Tatmadaw should engage in total peoples war, with a special focus on g uerrilla strategy. 8.To prepare for the transition to the new doctrine, Brigadier General San Yu, the then Vice Chief of Staff (Army), sent a delegation led by Lieutenant Colonel Thura Tun Tin was sent to Switzerland, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia and East Germany in July 1964 to study organisation structure, armaments, training, territorial organisation and strategy of peoples militias. A research team was also formed at General Staff Office within the War Office to study defence capabilities and militia formations of neighbouring countries. The new doctrine of total peoples war, and the strategy of anti-guerrilla warfare for counterinsurgency and guerrilla warfare for foreign invasion, were designed to be appropriate for Myanmar. The doctrine flowed from the countrys independent and active foreign policy, total peoples defence policy, the nature of perceived threats, its geography and the regional environment, the size of its population in comparison with those of its neighbours, the relatively underdeveloped nature of its economy and its historical and political experiences. The doctrine was based upon three totalities: population, time and space (du-thone-du) and four strengths: manpower, material, time and morale (Panama-lay-yat). The doctrine did not develop concepts of strategic denial or counter-offensive capabilities. It relied almost totally on irregular low-intensity warfare, such as its guerrilla strategy to counter any form of foreign invasion. The overall counterinsurgency strategy included not only elimination of insurgents and their support bases with the four cut strategy, but also the building and designation of white area and black area as well. 9.In April 1968, Tatmadaw introduced special warfare training programmes at Command Training Centres at various regional commands. Anti-Guerrilla warfare tactics were taught at combat forces schools and other training establishments with special emphasis on ambush and counter-ambush, counterinsurgency weapons and tactics, individual battle initiative for tactical independence, commando tactics, and reconnaissance. Battalion size operations were also practised in the South West Regional Military Command area. The new military doctrine was formally endorsed and adopted at the first party congress of the BSPP in 1971.[5] BSPP laid down directives for complete annihilation of the insurgents as one of the tasks for national defence and state security and called for liquidation of i nsurgents through the strength of the working people as the immediate objective. This doctrine ensures the role of Tatmadaw at the heart of national policy making. 10.Throughout BSPP era, the total peoples war doctrine was solely applied in counterinsurgency operations, since Myanmar did not face any direct foreign invasion throughout the period. In 1985, the then Lieutenant General Saw Maung, Vice-Chief of Staff of Tatmadaw reminded his commanders during his speech at the Command and General Staff College. In Myanmar, during that time, out of nearly 35 million people, the combined armed forces (army, navy and air force) are about two hundred thousand. In terms of percentage, that is about 0.01 percent. It is simply impossible to defend a country the size of ours with only this handful of troops therefore, what we have to do in the case of foreign invasion is to mobilise people in accordance with the total peoples war doctrine. In order to defend our country from aggressors, the entire population must be involved in the war effort as the support of people dictate the outcome of the war. 11.Third phase (SLORC/SPDC era).The third phase of doctrinal development of Myanmar Armed Forces came after the military take over and formation of State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) in September, 1988 as part of armed forces modernisation programme. The development was the reflection of sensitivity towards direct foreign invasion or invasion by proxy state during the turbulent years of the late 80s and early 90s, for example: unauthorised presence of US Aircraft Carrier Group in Myanmars territorial waters during 1988 political uprising as evidence of an infringement of Myanmars sovereignty. Also, Tatmadaw leadership was concerned that foreign powers might arm the insurgents on the Myanmar border to exploit the political situation and tensions in the country. This new threat perception, previously insignificant under the nations isolationist foreign policy, led Tatmadaw leaders to review the defence capability and doctrine of the Tatmadaw. 12.The third phase was to face the lower level external threats with a strategy of strategic denial under total peoples defence concept. Current military leadership has successfully dealt with 17 major insurgent groups, whose return to legal fold in the past decade has remarkably decreased the internal threats to state security, at least for the short and medium terms, even though threat perception of the possibility of external linkage to internal problems, perceived as being motivated by the continuing human rights violations, religious suppression and ethnic cleansing, remains high. 13.Within the policy, the role of the Tatmadaw was defined as a `modern, strong and highly capable fighting force. Since the day of independence, the Tatmadaw has been involved in restoring and maintaining internal security and suppressing insurgency. It was with this background that Tatmadaws multifaceted defence policy was formulated and its military doctrine and strategy could be interpreted as defence-in-depth. It was influenced by a number of factors such as history, geography, culture, economy and sense of threats. Tatmadaw has developed an active defence strategy based on guerrilla warfare with limited conventional military capabilities, designed to cope with low intensity conflicts from external and internal foes, which threatens the security of the state. This strategy, revealed in joint services exercises, is built on a system of total peoples defence, where the armed forces provide the first line of defence and the training and leadership of the nation in the matter of national defence. It is designed to deter potential aggressors by the knowledge that defeat of Tatmadaws regular forces in conventional warfare would be followed by persistent guerrilla warfare in the occupied areas by people militias and dispersed regular troops which would eventually wear down the invading forces, both physically and psychologically, and leave it vulnerable to a counter-offensive. If the conventional strategy of strategic denial fails, then the Tatmadaw and its auxiliary forces will follow Maos strategic concepts of strategic defensive, strategic stalemate and strategic offensive. 14.Over the past decade, through a series of modernisation programs, Tatmadaw has developed and invested in better Command, Control, Communication and Intelligence system; real-time intelligence; formidable air defence system; and early warning systems for its strategic denial and total peoples defence doctrine. Structure of Myanmar Army 15.The Army has always been by far, the largest service in Myanmar and has always received the lions share of the Defence Budget. [Working Papers Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, ANU] [Andrew Selth: Power Without Glory (ISBN-10: 1891936131)] It has played the most prominent part in Myanmars struggle against the 40 or more insurgent groups since 1948 and acquired a reputation as a tough and resourceful military force. In 1981, it was described as probably the best army to fight insurgency in Southeast Asia, apart from Vietnams. [Far Eastern Economic Review, 20 May 1981] This judgement was echoed in 1983, when another observer noted that Myanmars Infantry is generally rated as one of the toughest, most combat seasoned in Southeast Asia. [Far Eastern Economic Review, 7 July 1983] 16. In 1985, a foreign journalist with the rare experience of seeing Burmese soldiers in action against ethnic insurgents and narco-armies was thoroughly impressed by their fighting skills, endurance and discipline. [Bertil Lintner, Land of Jade] Other commentators throughout that time characterised the Myanmar Army as the toughest, most effective light infantry jungle force now operating in Southeast Asia. [AsiaWeek 21 Feb. 1992] Even the Thais, not known to praise the Burmese lightly, have described the Myanmar Army as skilled in the art of jungle warfare. [The Defence of Thailand (Thai Government issue), p.15, April 1995] Thai soldiers readily acknowledge, albeit privately, the toughness and determination of their Myanmar counterparts. Despite its preoccupation with retaining political power, the Myanmar Army has never lost sight of its defence role, and over the past 12 years, it has implemented a wide range of measures which have significantly enhanced its military capabilities. Expansion 17.The Tatmadaws organizational and command structure dramatically changed after the military coup in 1988. The first army division was formed in the year 1966. It was the 77th Light Infantry Division (LID) as rapid reaction mobile forces for strike operations. In March 1990, a new Regional Military Command (RMC) was opened in Monywa with Brigadier Kyaw Min as commander and named North-Western RMC. A year later 101st LID was formed in Pakokku with Col. Saw Tun as commander. Two Regional Operations Commands (ROC) were formed in Myeik and Loikaw to facilitate command and control. They were commanded respectively by Brigadier Soe Tint and Brigadier Maung Kyi. March 1995 saw a dramatic expansion of the Tatmadaw as it established 11 Military Operations Commands (MOC)s in that month. MOCs are similar to Mechanized Infantry Divisions in western armies, each with 10 regular infantry battalions (Chay Hlyin Tatyin), a headquarters, and organic support units including field artillery batteries. Then in 1996, two new RMC were opened, Coastal Region RMC was opened in Myeik with Brigadier Sit Maung as commander and Triangle Region RMC in Kengtung with Brigadier Thein Sein as commander. Three more new ROCs were opened in Kalay, Bhamo and Mongsat. In late 1998, two new MOCs were opened in Bokepyin and Mongsat. [WP 342. Australian National University] The most significant expansion after the infantry in the army was in Armour and Artillery. Beginning in 1990, the Myanmar Army (Tatmadaw) procured 18 T-69II tanks and 48 T-63 amphibious light tanks from China. Further procurements were made, including several hundred Type 85 and Type 92 armoured personnel carriers (APC). By the beginning of 1998, Tatmadaw had about 100+ T-68II main battle tanks, a similar number of T-63 amphibious light tanks and several T-59D tanks. These tanks and armoured personnel carriers were distributed into five armoured infantry battalions and five tank battalions and formed the first Armoured Division of the Tatmadaw under the name of 71st Armoured Operations Command with its headquarters in Pyawbwe. Strength and organization 18.By 2000, the Myanmar Army had reached some 370,000 all ranks. There were 337 infantry battalions, including 266 light infantry battalions. Although the Myanmar Armys organisational structure was based upon the regimental system, the basic manoeuvre and fighting unit is the battalion, known as Tat Yin in Burmese, which comprised a headquarters unit; four rifle companies (tat khwe) with three rifle platoons (Tat Su) each; an administration company with medical, transport, logistics and signals units; a heavy weapons company including mortar, machine gun and recoilless gun platoons. Each battalion is commanded a Lieutenant Colonel (du bo hmu gyi) with a Major (bo hmu) as 2IC (Second in Command), with a total establishment strength of 27 officers and 723 other ranks. Light infantry battalions in Myanmar Army have much lower establishment strength of around 500; as a result this often leads to these units being mistakenly identified by the observers and reporters as under strength infantry battalions. 19.With its significantly increased personnel numbers, weaponry and mobility, todays Tatmadaw Kyee is a formidable conventional defence force for the Union of Myanmar. Troops ready for combat duty have at least doubled since 1988. Logistics infrastructure and Artillery Fire Support has been greatly increased. Its newly acquired military might was apparent in the Tatmadaws dry season operations against Karen National Union (KNU) strongholds in Manerplaw and Kawmura. Most of the casualties at these battles were the result of intense and heavy bombardment by the Tatmadaw Kyee. Not only that Tatmadaw Kyee is now much larger than it was in pre-1988, it is more mobile and has greatly improved armour, artillery and air defence inventories. Its C3I (Command Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence) systems have been expanded and refined. It is developing larger and more integrated, self-sustained formations which should lend themselves to better coordinated action by different combat arms. The army may still have relatively modest weaponry compared to its larger neighbours, but it is now in a much better position to deter external aggression and respond to such a threat should it ever arise. The organisational tree is attached as annexure-A. Commander in Chief (Army) 20.Until 1990, Myanmar Armed Forces has Chief of Staff system and Myanmar Army was led by Vice Chief of Staff (Army). In 1990, Myanmar Armed Forces was reorganized and all three branches of Armed Forces are now led by Commander-in-Chief.

Organized Crime: The Social Perspective

Organized Crime: The Social Perspective Regardless of which form of organized crime takes place, abundantly clear organized crime is showing no signs of slowing down or even being remotely under control. The continued growth and diversification of organized crimes continues to be a major problem for law enforcement and for law abiding citizens as a whole. Organized crime existed even before there was any real understanding of it as something distinctive. After all, organized societies breed organized crime. To an extent, this reflects the greater opportunities in such environments; to an extent, it is acknowledged as more effective state law enforcement develops. Thus, classical Rome suffered from organized and crossborder smuggling, protection racketeering, and piracy, while the pirates of the Spanish Main were part of a relatively complex transnational criminal economy. In western Europe, organized crime began to emerge at the time of the Renaissance, especially in Italy and Netherlands, themselves the cradle of the new, organized society. In China, secret societies had been operating as criminal enterprises throughout the history of the empire. However, the twentieth century saw a phenomenal growth in the scope, power, and effectiveness of organized crime as the state became increasingly powerful and intrusive. In particular, the more states try to control particular commodities and services they consider dangerous and immoral or apply taxes or regulations that drive up costs, the more they create markets for organized crime. Thus, Prohibition in the United States in the 1920s and early 1930s, the more limited Soviet anti-alcohol campaign under Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s, and the illegalization of narcotics throughout the world all contributed dramatically to the markets and thus profits for organized crime. Social institution is a group or organization that has a particular purpose, goal, or task, and accomplishes the successful completion of this goal, purpose, or task by influencing and persuading individuals in a community to participate, and assist with achieving this objective. Social institution applies to organized crime in numerous ways. According to Warren (1973), criminal organizations develop in geographical locations that display a portion of individuals residing within the jurisdiction desire a product criminal organization is offering. This is crucial as it allows the organization to successfully produce, distribute, and consume the product (University of Phoenix, 2010). In addition, criminal organizations focus on a communitys social structure, control the community has socially on its members, and the level of participation each community member has among the rest. Moreover, criminal organizations form tight-knit relations with legitimate businesses and owners willing to participate in the organizations success (University of Phoenix, 2010). The alien theory states individuals involved with organized crime in Sicily and Italy had produced criminal organizations known as the Sicilian Mafia or Costra Nostra. These individuals migrated to the United States in an attempt to escape detection and apprehension by law enforcement in their own country, and to take advantage of the numerous opportunities that existed within the United States both legally and illegally. once in the United States these groups of individuals developed, organized, and operated numerous criminal organizations, carried out minor and serious criminal offenses; and were believed by many professionals and Americans to have been the primary cause for the establishing a criminal culture (osmosis, 2003). The social control theory asserts that an individual who is involved with a community and has strong family relations will be less likely to engage in illegal activity than those who do not. If an individual is capable of establishing a positive rapport with community members, becomes involved and participates in community programs, such as youth, elderly, religious-spiritual, and anti-crime, the individual will most likely refrain from engaging in criminal activity or at the very least consider the consequences of a criminal act prior to committing the act (Psychological Glossary, 2010). The differential association theory considers ones social group and environment as the fundamental explanation for ones criminal behavior and the formation and joining of criminal organizations. An individual who socializes with a group or other individuals who have a history with the legal system or who engage in illegal activity are at an extremely high-risk to conform to the norms of that particular social sub-group. A prime example is a teenager who becomes involved in delinquent criminal behavior and activity as a result of peer pressure. These juveniles are susceptible to withdrawing from school, joining criminal organizations, such as street gangs, and experimenting with illegal substances and alcohol, all of which continues the juvenile down a path of addiction, career criminality, and a long criminal history into adulthood (Sutherland, 1978). The strain and anomie theory believes that individuals who engage in criminal activity do so as a result of wanting a piece of the American dream or to obtain materialistic items of value. A majority of individuals within the United States never experience the luxury of owning a fancy vehicle, house, business, or property. Most individuals residing in the United States are forced to work labor intensive jobs, receive a low paying wage, are parents who must provide and support families, such as children, and do so through legal means. Unfortunately, the desire to achieve items of value, provide a better life for ones children, such as the purchasing of school cloths, vacations, and after-school activities can force one to conduct illegal business for the purpose of gaining an additional income (Agnew, 2007). The empirical and speculative theories discussed throughout this paper, such as the alien, social control, differential association, and strain and anomie theories can assist researchers, society, professionals, and law enforcement with understanding the elements that exist in different criminal organizations and criminal behavior. Each theory is supported by research, statistics, strong arguments, and facts that can be used by law enforcement in numerous ways. Theories as such display characteristics and mannerisms common in criminal behavior, along with what geographical locations are susceptible to the development of criminal organizations and activity. Furthermore, jurisdictions, in which its citizens are antisocial prove to be breeding grounds for many types of criminal wrongdoing that exists.

The Benefits of Sin Revealed in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Lette

The Benefits of Sin Revealed in The Scarlet Letter      Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Nathaniel Hawthorne in The Scarlet Letter, each of us is born with "original sin" we have inherited from the misdeeds of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. As Eve bit hungrily into the apple from the Tree of Knowledge, starving for wisdom, little did she know that the entire human race would thereafter be tainted by her "sin." Hawthorne and many others believe that ever since, human beings have been inclined to evil, more likely to disobey than to act in a godly manner. This is a faithless, cynical view of humanity, but one perhaps justified by the actions of Hester Prynne and the Reverend Dimmesdale. Sin seems to be an inevitable factor in their lives; though they are good people, their sin boils up and nearly destroys them. Do they make a conscious choice to sin? Or does their sin simply take control, as it is bound to do in all human beings? Perhaps this leads to a greater question of fate and free will, but in the end, the one thing they can really chan ge in their lives is the way they deal with sin, how they attempt to atone for it - and whether they view the affair they had as sinful in the first place.    Puritan society in the Massachusetts Bay Colony was a system based on religion. The Bible and the law were intertwined and could not be separated, not even in the minds of the people. Therefore it was difficult to argue that there were any laws at all that were worth having, if they were not spelled out explicitly in the Bible. Hester had committed adultery and given birth to a bastard child, and there it was, in the Ten Commandments: Thou shalt not commit adultery. And so she was punished. The Puritans nodded and were satisfied, comfortabl... ...., C.E. Frazer, ed. The Nathaniel Hawthorne Journal 1975. Englewood: Indian Head, 1975. Coxe, Rev. Arthur Cleveland. "The Writings of Hawthorne." Church Review 3 (1851): 489-511. Gartner, Matthew. "The Scarlet Letter and the Book of Esther: Scriptural Letter and Narrative Life." Studies in American Fiction (1995): 131-144. Hawthorne, J. (1886, April). "The Scarlet Letter." The Atlantic Monthly [On-line], pp. 1-20. Available: http://wwww.theatlantic.com/unbound/classrev/scarlet.html Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York: St. Martins, 1991. Loring, G. B. (1850). "The Scarlet Letter and Transcendentalism." Massachusetts Quarterly Review [On-line], pp. 1-6. Available: http://eldred.ne.mediaone.net/nh/loring.html Scharnhorst, Gary. The Critical Response to Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter. New York: Greenwood, 1992.   

An Analysis of Tennyson’s The Princess Essay -- Tennyson Princess Essa

An Analysis of Tennyson’s The Princess  Ã‚   Alfred, Lord Tennyson is the most influential poet of the Victorian Age. He was named poet laureate of England by the Queen, and the first poet to receive a title Lord. In his lifetime Tennyson has produced many works which are considered great. Such one is The Princess which is a long narrative poem with a number of songs. One of these songs is â€Å" Tears, Idle Tears†, a poem full of sorrow and grief. In this fragment of The Princess the speaker is desperate because of the death of his love. This causes the sad tone of the poem which is something typical for Tennyson and his works.par I chose to analyze this poem because it is about something that many people have experienced, even I. Everybody has had such melancholic moments and feelings of nostalgia when he or she remembers a person who is dead. There is one more cause for choosing this particular work of Tennyson and it is the figurative language and the way the poem sounds. The use of alliteration, imagery, metaphors a nd the oxymoronic statement at the end make the poem more philosophical and thoughtful.    Grief is something that everybody has felt. One of the causes for being sad are memories which remind us of something that is gone or is over. The poem â€Å" Tears, Idle Tears† has the same subject. It talks about loss and nostalgia. There are particular feelings in this poem that do not appear in many other works. These facts make the poem sound different from the others; this is one of the main reasons why I like it.    The speaker of the poem starts with a statement about the tears and where they come from. After that he gives the reason for the tears. According to the poem the grief is caused by â€Å" the h... ...unds reminds the reader of sadness and despair. However, it is not only the figurative language that makes the poem so good. The perfect use of language is combined with thoughtfulness and philosophy that matches that of the author. He has said that it is better to have loved and lost than not to have loved at all. The same thing happens in the poem, the speaker is full of grief but he knows that these memories that make him sad are also sweet because there was joy before death came.   All these things make the poem one of the best representatives of the Victorian Age and of Tennyson himself. This work best presents the feelings that people have when they have lost a friend and this is the main reason why I chose it. In my opinion this poem is relevant even today when people more and more become interested in the material rather than in the spiritual.   

Compare the Roles That Elizabeth Proctor and Abigail Williams Play in The Crucible Essay

A mother, a wife, a friend: Abigail wanted to share a family with John Proctor. In some aspects she was jealous of Elizabeth, as she had the one thing in the world that Abigail desperately yearned for. â€Å"Oh, I marvel how such a strong man may let such a sickly wife be† We can see here that Abigail is being sarcastic to manipulate Proctor in falling for her. â€Å"Oh† shows she is taking a calm and subtle approach to get what she wants. Though Abigail is pretending to be angry at Elizabeth for being the cause of Proctors rejection towards her, we can clearly see that the empowering emotion over here is envy, towards Elizabeth and Proctors marriage. Abigail resorts to name calling to cast doubt in Proctors mind and she attempts to compliment Proctor to try and get a taste of everyday life as Elizabeth. The Status’s and reputation’s of the people in Salem were shockingly important to them. Labels and stereotypes were incredibly common and the people tried their utmost best to protect their prominence. To the locals Abigail Williams was an innocent orphan and the niece of the reverend, other than this they did not think much of her. So when she went out of her way to accuse the respected people and it became public gossip about the truth of her affair, Abigail’s cherished esteem in the community was suddenly questioned. â€Å"(In a temper): My name is good in the village! I will not have it said my name is soiled! Goody Proctor is a gossiping liar! † Arthur Miller has used short sentences to show the reader that Abigail is extremely angry; this is a quote from act 1, therefore it gives the reader an impression of Abigail’s character. Miller wanted to show the true colours of Abigail’s persona and he was successful in this. The exclamation marks shows the emphasise of her words, Abigail is fuming at this point and concentrates all that irritation at Elizabeth. From a orphanage, it was obviously hard for her to compose a â€Å"good name† for herself; however Abigail’s determination had driven her to demand a better life for herself. She did not want all her accomplishments to be shattered by â€Å"Elizabeth’s lies†, so tried to criticise her by calling her a â€Å"liar†. This challenges her character as the readers are perfectly aware of Abigail’s dishonest nature, we all know that she is the one who is deceitful and craves vengeance, and Elizabeth is the direct opposite. From the beginning of the play Abigail’s intentions were clear, she obviously wanted to develop her relationship with John Proctor and gain his respect. Abigail was a young, naive and narrow-minded maid who did anything to save herself, no matter who she disappointed along the way. Elizabeth was a totally different person. Elizabeth’s motivation came from the passion of raising her family; she wanted to restore the trust in her marriage to Proctor, for the benefit of her children. She was much older, wiser and she devoted her life to her religion. I wake and walk about the house as though I’d find you comin’ through some door† Miller gives a childish effect to this quote and makes Abigail sound like a love struck puppy, this reminds the reader that she is only a teenager. This quote illustrates that her love towards Proctor is enduring and it also demonstrates her repulsion towards Elizabeth. The witch trials were an obvious case of McCarthyism, the court of Salem did not require much evidence for prosecution. It was simply unjust! The people at the bottom of the social hierarchy system had an even inferior chance for survival. Although the people were given a chance to avoid death by â€Å"confessing to their sins†, this was an excessive act and showed that the people were deprived of rights. Elizabeth is understood to be extremely pious; she controls her emotions and buries her feelings of anger towards Abigail to avoid any uncontrollable outbursts of extreme emotions and frustration. However Abigail takes pride in her hysteria. This highlights the fact that the age difference between these 2 women is phenomenal. â€Å"He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him! Elizabeth is much more composed than Abigail, even though she is losing her husband she is happy for him, as she believes he is now at peace. Throughout the play John struggles with his feelings that he was not a good man. Hale tried his best to save John from being hanged to death but Elizabeth believes that he is finally going to be cleansed of his sins, as he has finally come out the dark about his affair. She loves him so much that she is willing to let him go. She feels that he is doing the right thing. She takes the name of God to justify herself. A Selfish, stubborn and shameless stray: Abigail was not the forgiving type. Once someone had double crossed her, she did not take it lightly; Abigail created fear in the hearts of her peers. She even turns against her friends to make her story more convincing. Due to the fact that her parents were shot in front of her, she has never learnt to accept this and this has limited her well- being, so she blames every one else. On the other hand Elizabeth was selfless and even though her â€Å"loyal† husband betrayed her integrity, she learnt to overcome this and forgave him. (in agony): My husband-is a goodly man, sir. † Unlike Abigail, Elizabeth has never told a lie in her life, however the one time it would save her life, she tried to save her husbands reputation. This may be an act to show forgiveness to Proctor as she may have thought it was her last opportunity to see him. She dedicated her life to being a good Puritan so wanted Proctor to live a peaceful and guilt- free life without her. However she may have felt that it was her duty to conceal the truth for her husband’s case, as she has been the one who has been more interested in preserving appearances. If they put aside their detestation towards each other, then they would actually have more in common than they let on. Firstly, they are in love with the same man, they are both religious and they both aspire to fulfil their motives (whatever they may be). Although they have extremely different intensions that drive them, they are both very ambitious and stubborn. They both try to exert influence on society as they want to be remembered after their deaths. Also, in the end they both lie, although for alternating reasons.